View source for Ditrichum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ditrichum
|accepted_authority=Hampe
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Flora
|place=50: 181. 1867,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ditrichaceae;Ditrichum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ditrichaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ditrichum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek di-, two, and trichos, hair, alluding to peristome split longitudinally into two segments
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 443, 444, 457, 463, 467
|treatment_page=page 450
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism coloration;whole_organism growth form;tuft architecture or fragility;tuft density"><b>Plants </b>in loose to dense tufts, green to yellowish green distally, yellowbrown to brown proximally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem height or length or size;stem height or length or size;stem architecture;stem architecture;branch quantity"><b>Stems </b>short or reaching 2 cm or more, simple or sometimes with a few branches;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">rhizoids at base, smoth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf texture;leaf course;leaf shape;leaf orientation;leaf shape;base architecture or shape"><b>Leaves </b>rigid to flexuose or sometimes somewhat falcate when dry, erect-spreading when wet, lanceolate to subulate from a more or less sheathing base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin shape">margins entire throughout or denticulate near the apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="costa architecture;costa architecture;costa width;costa quantity;row quantity;band fragility;band presence">costa percurrent or excurrent, occupying most of subula, 1/6–1/3 width of leaf base, 1 row of guide cells, 2 stereid bands, adaxial stereid band sometimes weak, rarely absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="">medial lamina cells quadrate to shortrectangular, becoming longer and thinner-walled proximally toward margins, smooth or rarely papillose at both ends.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="rhizoidal reproduction"><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction occasionally by rhizoidal tubers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="lamina cell shape;lamina cell length or size;lamina cell architecture;lamina cell relief;lamina cell relief;lamina cell development;lamina cell reproduction;lamina cell reproduction;lamina cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition monoicous or dioicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perichaetial leaf height or length or size;perichaetial leaf shape;base length or size;base architecture or shape">perichaetial leaves usually with a longer and more or less sheathing base and shorter subulate than stem-leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="seta coloration;seta shape;seta orientation;seta course"><b>Seta </b>pale-yellow to dark reddish-brown, elongate, erect or flexuose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule architecture or shape;capsule orientation;capsule course or shape;capsule position;capsule shape;capsule architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Capsule </b>mostly erect and symmetric, sometimes ± inclined and arcuate, exserted, ovoid to cylindric, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="annulus presence;annulus duration">annulus present, deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="operculum shape">operculum conic to short-rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="peristome quantity;split relief;split architecture;basal membrane height or length or size">peristome single, teeth16, split into 2 filiform segments or sometimes irregularly perforate or split, with or without a short basal membrane, papillose to spiculose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="calyptra shape"><b>Calyptra </b>cucullate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="spore shape;spore relief;spore relief"><b>Spores </b>globose, very finely papillose, verrucose, or with somewhat vermicular ornamentation.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide;including maritime Antarctic region
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 90 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Ditrichum occurs from near sea level up to montane regions, on a wide range of soils, but is found occasionally on rock; some species are calciphilic.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants densely tufted, stems ± tomentose proximally
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants loosely to densely tufted or gregarious; stems, if tomentose, only so at extreme base
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems 1-4 cm; leaves to 3 mm, from an ovate-sheathing base sharply contracted to the subula; costa abaxially strongly convex; lamina cells near costa with weakly nodulose longitudinal walls; plants commonly fruiting.
|[[Ditrichum flexicaule|Ditrichum flexicaule]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems to 7 cm or more; leaves from an elongate-ovate base tapering gradually to the long slender subula; costa abaxially weakly convex; basal laminal cells with weakly to strongly nodulose longitudinal walls; rarely found fruiting
|[[Ditrichum gracile|Ditrichum gracile]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|In cross section, distal leaf lamina partially 1-stratose with 2-stratose margins
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|In cross section, distal leaf lamina 2-stratose from costa to margins
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves erect-appressed to erect-patent when moist
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves erect-spreading when moist
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves oblong-lanceolate, widest proximally to middle, tapering to a blunt apex; lamina cells thin-walled, rectangular throughout, slightly shorter and narrower towards apex; seta to 2.5 cm, yellowish to orange-brown, erect; peristome teeth 200-220 µm, perforate, divided into 2 adhering filaments, finely papillose.
|[[Ditrichum lineare|Ditrichum lineare]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; lamina cells ± incrassate, subquadrate to short-rectangular distally, elongate-rectangular proximally; seta to 1.5 cm, reddish with age; peristome teeth 200-250 µm, the filaments finely and obliquely ridged and lightly papillose.
|[[Ditrichum pusillum|Ditrichum pusillum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems fastigiately branched from base, dichotomous distally; leaves linear-lanceolate, margins subserrulate distally, apex coarsely toothed; seta to 2.5 cm, pale yellow; capsule straight and erect or slightly curved, orange- to dark red-brown at maturity, elliptical, narrowed at mouth, 2-3 mm, flattened when dry; peristome teeth 600-800 µm, spiculose-papillose; autoicous.
|[[Ditrichum montanum|Ditrichum montanum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stem branching distally from base; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins entire to serrulate distally, apex weakly toothed; seta shorter, 0.8-2 cm, red to orange-brown; capsule symmetric to slightly curved, 1-3 mm, not flattened when dry; peristome teeth 200-500 µm, papillose to spiculose; dioicous
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems to 2 cm, often branched; leaves 1.5-4.5 mm, apex entire or serrulate, margins broadly recurved from base to leaf middle; leaf cross section 2-stratose on margins and sometimes near costa; seta 1.5-2 cm, red; capsule usually symmetric, straight and erect, rarely curved, 1.5-3 mm long, dark brown to reddish; peristome teeth 200-500 µm, twisted when dry.
|[[Ditrichum ambiguum|Ditrichum ambiguum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems to 0.5 cm, seldom branched; leaves 1-3 mm, apex serrulate, margins plane or narrowly recurved from above leaf base to leaf middle; leaf cross section 2-stratose only at or near margins; seta 0.8-1.2 cm, orange-yellow, brownish or reddish; capsule usually asymmetric, erect, curved, 1-2 mm, yellow or light brown; peristome teeth 200 µm, nearly straight.
|[[Ditrichum tortuloides|Ditrichum tortuloides]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stem leaves 1.5-3 mm, from an ovate to oblong base gradually tapered to a channelled subula, erect-patent to subsecund; dioicous.
|[[Ditrichum heteromallum|Ditrichum heteromallum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stem leaves longer, 3-7 mm, long-subulate from an ovate to short-rectangular base, spreading, flexuose to subsecund; autoicous
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaves to 5 mm; seta to 2.5 cm, orange-yellow, becoming reddened at maturity; capsule ovoid-cylindric, ± asymmetric and slightly curved, pale brown, suberect, flattened when dry; peristome teeth to 1500 µm, densely spiculose-papillose; spores yellow-brown, 11-19 µm, vermicular papillose-verrucose
|[[Ditrichum rhynchostegium|Ditrichum rhynchostegium]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaves 3-7 mm; seta 1-3 cm, yellow or becoming reddish brown at the base when mature; capsules subcylindric to cylindric, not flattened when dry; peristome teeth to 800 µm, finely papillose to spiculose-papillose; spores brown, 15-30 µm, coarsely roughened-papillose
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaves long-subulate from a short-ovoid sheathing base; seta to 2.5 cm, yellow, becoming reddened at the base with maturity; capsule suberect, subcylindric, 1-2.5 mm; peristome teeth pale brown to orange-brown, 300-800 µm, spiculose- papillose; spores 15-30 µm.
|[[Ditrichum pallidum|Ditrichum pallidum]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaves narrow filiform-subulate from an ovate-lanceolate sheathing base; seta 1-3 cm, yellow; capsule cylindric, 1.5-3 mm; peristome teeth pale yellow-brown, to 300 µm, irregularly perforate, finely papillose; spores 20-30 µm.
|[[Ditrichum schimperi|Ditrichum schimperi]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ditrichum
|author=Rodney D. Seppelt;Robert R. Ireland Jr.;Harold Robinson
|authority=Hampe
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ditrichaceae
|distribution=Worldwide;including maritime Antarctic region
|reference=None
|publication title=Flora
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_650.xml
|genus=Ditrichum
|annulus duration=deciduous
|annulus presence=absent
|band fragility=weak
|band presence=absent
|basal membrane height or length or size=short
|base architecture or shape=sheathing;sheathing
|base length or size=longer
|branch quantity=few
|calyptra shape=cucullate
|capsule architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|capsule architecture or shape=symmetric
|capsule course or shape=arcuate
|capsule orientation=inclined;erect
|capsule position=exserted
|capsule shape=ovoid;cylindric
|costa architecture=excurrent;percurrent
|costa quantity=1
|costa width=1/6 width of leaf base;1/3 width of leaf base
|lamina cell architecture=thinner-walled
|lamina cell development=specialized
|lamina cell length or size=longer
|lamina cell relief=papillose;smooth
|lamina cell reproduction=dioicous;monoicous;sexual
|lamina cell shape=quadrate
|leaf course=flexuose
|leaf orientation=erect-spreading
|leaf shape=lanceolate;subulate
|leaf texture=rigid
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=denticulate
|operculum shape=conic;short-rostrate
|perichaetial leaf height or length or size=shorter
|perichaetial leaf shape=subulate
|peristome quantity=single
|rhizoidal reproduction=asexual
|row quantity=2
|seta coloration=pale-yellow;dark reddish-brown
|seta course=flexuose
|seta orientation=erect
|seta shape=elongate
|split architecture=spiculose
|split relief=papillose
|spore relief=verrucose;papillose
|spore shape=globose
|stem architecture=sometimes;simple
|stem height or length or size=reaching 2 cm;short
|tuft architecture or fragility=loose
|tuft density=dense
|whole_organism coloration=green;yellowish green distally
|whole_organism growth form=plant
}}<!--

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