View source for Epifagus ← Epifagus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Epifagus |accepted_authority=Nuttall |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl. |place=2: 60. 1818 |year=1818 }} |common_names=Beechdrops;cancer-root;épifage |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Orobanchaceae;Epifagus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orobanchaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Epifagus]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek epi-, upon, and Latin fagus, beech, alluding to host plant |volume=Volume 17 |mention_page=page 457, 465, 474 |treatment_page=page 463 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;root shape;structure architecture or shape">achlorophyllous, holoparasitic, roots coralloid, from among scales of cormlike structure.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem presence"><b>Stems </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf presence"><b>Leaves </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;panicle architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, open panicles of racemes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bract presence">bracts present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal quantity;calyx architecture or shape;calyx shape;lobe shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals 5, calyx ± bilaterally symmetric, obliquely campanulate, lobes toothlike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;petal quantity;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration or density;corolla coloration;corolla architecture;corolla shape;abaxial lobe quantity;adaxial lobe quantity"><b>Chasmogamous </b>flowers: petals 5 (appearing as 4), corolla white or pale-yellow with purple to reddish purple or reddish-brown stripes, bilabiate, tubular, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 1 (by connation);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;stamen quantity;stamen architecture;filament pubescence;filament pubescence">stamens 4, didynamous, filaments densely pilose at base, sparsely pilose distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower reproduction;staminode presence">staminode 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower reproduction;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary 1-locular, placentation parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower reproduction;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate or ca. 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower reproduction;corolla duration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla shape"><b>Cleistogamous </b>flowers: corolla not persistent, purplish red-and-white, rarely pale-yellow, bilaterally symmetric, calyptriform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower reproduction;stamen position;anther fusion;anther fusion">stamens included, anthers connate, adnate to stigma;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower reproduction">corolla, stamens, and style shed as unit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="capsule dehiscence"><b>Capsules:</b> dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;wing presence"><b>Seeds </b>500–600, pale amber, narrowly ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, not or only slightly flattened, wings absent.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=c;e North America;ne Mexico |discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!-- --><p>Epifagus is the only genus among the holoparasites to produce cleistogamous flowers. The relative occurrence of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers varies from plant to plant.</p><!-- --><p>The cormlike structure of Epifagus is entirely underground and differs from the stems of Boschniakia, Conopholis, and Kopsiopsis by having both scales and coralloid roots. The racemes emerge directly from the base; there is no aerial stem. Floral buds occur in the axils of all bracts, often even those on the cormlike base. Other genera of holoparasites have a well-differentiated vegetative stem that supports the inflorescence.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=thieret1969c |text=Thieret, J. W. 1969d. Notes on Epifagus. Castanea 34: 397–402. }} }}<!-- --><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Epifagus |author=L. Turner Collins;Alison E. L. Colwell;George Yatskievych |authority=Nuttall |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Orobanchaceae |illustrator=John Myers |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=c;e North America;ne Mexico |reference=thieret1969c |publication title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl. |publication year=1818 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_793.xml |genus=Epifagus |abaxial lobe quantity=3 |adaxial lobe quantity=1 |anther fusion=adnate;connate |bract presence=absent |bracteole presence=absent |calyx architecture or shape=symmetric |calyx shape=campanulate |capsule dehiscence=loculicidal |corolla architecture=bilabiate |corolla architecture or shape=symmetric |corolla coloration=pale-yellow;purplish red-and-white;reddish-brown stripes;pale-yellow;white |corolla coloration or density=purple;reddish purple |corolla duration=not persistent |corolla shape=calyptriform;tubular |filament pubescence=pilose;pilose |flower reproduction=cleistogamous;cleistogamous;cleistogamous;chasmogamous;chasmogamous;chasmogamous;chasmogamous;chasmogamous |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |leaf presence=absent |lobe shape=toothlike |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular |ovary placentation=parietal |panicle architecture=open |pedicel presence=absent |petal quantity=5 |root shape=coralloid |seed coloration=pale amber |seed quantity=500;600 |seed shape=flattened;narrowly ovoid;oblong-ellipsoid |sepal quantity=5 |stamen architecture=didynamous |stamen position=included |stamen quantity=4 |staminode presence=absent |stem presence=absent |stigma shape=2-lobed;capitate |structure architecture or shape=cormlike |whole_organism architecture=achlorophyllous |whole_organism duration=annual |whole_organism growth form=herb |wing presence=absent }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orobanchaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Orobanchaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Epifagus.