View source for Eremogone

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eremogone
|accepted_authority=Fenzl
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Vers. Darstell. Alsin.,
|place=13, unnumbered plate. 1833
|year=1833
}}
|common_names=Sandwort
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae;Eremogone
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eremogone]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek eremo- , solitary or deserted, and gone, seed or offspring, allusion uncertain
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 4, 7, 8, 51, 57, 63, 117
|treatment_page=page 56
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;base architecture;base texture"><b>Plants </b>perennial, often densely matted, usually with branched, woody base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="taproot size;taproot size"><b>Taproots </b>slender or usually stout;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizome presence">rhizomes absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem shape"><b>Stems </b>prostrate (nonflowering stems) or ascending to erect (flowering-stems), simple or branched, terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf architecture or arrangement;leaf fusion;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>usually congested at or near base of flowering-stems, usually connate, mostly sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade texture;blade texture;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape">blade 1-veined, needlelike or filiform to subulate or narrowly linear, succulent or not, apex blunt to usually apiculate or spinose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;cyme architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, open to congested or umbellate cymes or sometimes flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bract arrangement;bract size;bract architecture;bract texture">bracts paired (or clustered at summit of peduncle in some E. congesta varieties), reduced, foliaceous or scarious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel orientation;flower architecture"><b>Pedicels </b>erect or flowers sessile.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth and androecium weakly perigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium shape">hypanthium shallowly cupshaped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal fusion;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;margin coloration;margin texture;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture">sepals 5, distinct or barely connate proximally, green (sometimes purplish in E. capillaris and E. eastwoodiae), linear-lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–12 mm, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to acute, acuminate, or spinose, not hooded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;blade apex architecture or shape;blade apex architecture or relief;blade apex shape;blade apex shape;blade apex shape;blade apex shape">petals 5, white, yellowish white, or occasionally pink or brownish, clawed or not, blade apex entire, erose, emarginate, or rarely 2-fid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nectary quantity;nectary prominence;sepal arrangement;sepal presence">nectaries usually 5, prominent at (or adjacent to in E. eastwoodiae) base of filaments opposite sepals, rarely absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen orientation">stamens 10, arising from hypanthium;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="filament fusion">filaments distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="style quantity;style shape;style some measurement;style pubescence">styles 3, filiform, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma architecture or shape;stigma relief;stigma quantity">stigmas 3, subcapitate, smooth to papillate (50×).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="capsule shape;tooth quantity;tooth orientation"><b>Capsules </b>ovoid to urceolate, opening by 6 ascending to recurved teeth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="carpophore presence;carpophore presence">carpophore present or usually absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;marginal wing presence"><b>Seeds </b>1–10, dark reddish or greenish brown, tan, blackish purple, black, or gray, ovoid to pyriform or suborbicular, laterally compressed, smooth, rugulose, or tuberculate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="appendage presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North-temperate regions;esp. w North America;Eurasian mountains;Asia Minor
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 89 (14 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Much of this treatment follows those by B. Maguire (1947, 1951) and M. F. Baad (1969) of Arenaria sect. Eremogone. The Eremogone “group” is morphologically distinctive (cespitose or matted, woody perennials with filiform to subulate leaves, stiffly erect to ascending flowering stems, and open to congested or umbellate cymes) and nearly all of the published chromosome counts are based on x = 11 (see also Baad), an uncommon base number in Arenaria in the narrow sense. The decision to recognize Eremogone, as used in W. A. Weber and R. C. Wittmann (1992) and R. D. Dorn (2001), is based largely on results of the molecular study of subfamily Alsinoideae by M. Nepokroeff et al. (2001). In that study, Arenaria (excluding Minuartia and Moehringia) was shown to be polyphyletic, with two distinct clades. One of the clades consists of seven species: five from Arenaria subg. Eremogone and two from the closely related subg. Eremogoneastrum; therefore the Eremogone group, as delimited by Maguire, is monophyletic.</p><!--
--><p>While Eremogone is a distinct genus, there is considerable morphological variability among the species, with many, often geographically isolated, morphological types; see J. C. Hickman (1971) for a commentary on the situation, numerous examples of intermediate forms, and notes on their possible evolution. With this in mind, we have chosen not to adopt an infrageneric classification; J. McNeill’s (1962) outline of Arenaria suggests that three species groups could be recognized within Eremogone.</p><!--
--><p>Because of the aforementioned variability and intermediacy within and between taxa, the production of a satisfactory key has been a challenge and, as with those by B. Maguire (1947, 1951), likely will prove inadequate for at least a low percentage of specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Reports of winged seeds in Eremogone possibly are derived from examination of immature material. The tubercles along the abaxial edge that have not yet expanded can appear as a lighter-colored band around a portion of the seed.</p><!--
--><p>The morphology of the nectaries in Eremogone is very diverse, both among species and, in one case, among infraspecific taxa (E. macradenia). We feel that a morphogenetic study using scanning electron microscopy similar to the investigation of nectaries in Schiedea by W. L. Wagner and E. M. Harris (2000) may shed light on relationships within Eremogone.</p><!--
--><p>Some suggestions for the identification of taxa of Eremogone follow.</p><!--
--><p>In determining the shape of the sepals, several flowers should be evaluated and the membranous margins must be included, not just the central herbaceous portion. As this genus is in many ways a “problematic group,” some effort beyond what may be considered “normal” may be needed for accurate identification. This is because of the frequent need to observe floral details at high magnification (20 or 30×), preferably with a dissecting microscope. Furthermore, on dried specimens, a flower or two may need to be “boiled up” or otherwise rehydrated so that good, clear observations can be made. This is a practice that too often is avoided, to the detriment of accurate observation and identification, and should be standard in the study of pressed material.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=baad1969a
|text=Baad, M. F. 1969. Biosystematic Studies of the North American Species of Arenaria, Subgenus Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hickman1971a
|text=Hickman, J. C. 1971. Arenaria, section Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae) in the Pacific Northwest: A key and discussion. Madroño 21: 201–207.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ikonnikov1973a
|text=Ikonnikov, S. S. 1973. Zametki o gvozdichnykh (Caryophyllaceae). I. O rode Eremogone Fenzl. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 136–142.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=maguire1947a
|text=Maguire, B. 1947. Studies in the Caryophyllaceae. III. A synopsis of the North American species of Arenaria sect. Eremogone Fenzl. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 74: 38–56.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences usually dense or ± open, capitate, umbellate cymes
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences ± open, rarely compact cymes
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals 1.5-2 times as long as sepals; sepals 3-6.5 mm, ovate to lanceolate
|[[Eremogone congesta|Eremogone congesta]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals 0.8-1.1 times as long as sepals; sepals (5-)6-12 mm, lanceolate or usually linear-lanceolate
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems glabrous, with 6-10 pairs of well-developed cauline leaves, leaves markedly overlapping
|[[Eremogone franklinii|Eremogone franklinii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems scabrid-puberulent, with 1-4 pairs of well-developed leaves or reduced distally, usually little overlapping
|[[Eremogone hookeri|Eremogone hookeri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Sepal apices obtuse to rounded or barely acute, sometimes abruptly mucronate
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Sepal apices acute to acuminate, sometimes spinose
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Basal leaves abundant, blade (2-)4-8 cm, straight to curved in one direction, flexuous, apex acute or acuminate to weakly spinose; valves of capsule at least sparsely stipitate-glandular
|[[Eremogone capillaris|Eremogone capillaris]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Basal leaves abundant or sparse, blade 0.3-2(-4) cm, recurved in various directions, apex often stiff and spinose; capsules glabrous
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Basal leaf blades ascending or often arcuate-spreading, rigid, herbaceous; plants glaucous or not
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Basal leaf blades erect to spreading, flexuous or rigid, herbaceous or ± succulent; plants not glaucous
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Sepals ± stipitate-glandular; plants glaucous; cauline leaves in 1-3 pairs; petals 1.5-3 times as long as sepals
|[[Eremogone aculeata|Eremogone aculeata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Sepals glabrous or nearly so; plants not glaucous; cauline leaves in 5-7 pairs; petals 1.3-1.5 times as long as sepals
|[[Eremogone aberrans|Eremogone aberrans]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Sepals stipitate-glandular; basal leaf blades ± succulent, ± flexuous; Crater Lake and vicinity, sw Oregon
|[[Eremogone pumicola|Eremogone pumicola]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Sepals glabrous or nearly so; basal leaf blades herbaceous, rigid
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sepals 1.8-3 mm in flower; nectaries neither grooved nor cupped, 0.3-0.4 mm; s California
|[[Eremogone ursina|Eremogone ursina]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sepals 3-5(-6) mm in flower; nectaries with transverse groove or elongate cup, 0.6 mm; se Idaho, n Utah, Wyoming
|[[Eremogone kingii|Eremogone kingii]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Sepal apices broadly acute, sometimes spinose
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Sepal apices narrowly acute to acuminate or spinose
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Stems usually 20-40(-100) cm; leaf blades usually 2-6 mm; basal leaves sparse or absent; nectaries rectangular, 2-lobed and 0.7-1.5 mm, or narrowly longitudinally rectangular, truncate, densely minutely pubescent with erect to spreading hairs, 0.7-0.8 mm, or laterally or abaxially rounded, 0.3-0.4 mm
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Stems usually 3-20 cm; leaf blades usually 0.3-3 cm; basal leaves abundant; nectaries rounded, 0.2-0.6 mm
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Sepals 3-4.3 mm, in fruit to 5.5 cm; cymes open, branches spreading; nectaries as lateral and abaxial rounding of filament bases, 0.3-0.4 mm
|[[Eremogone ferrisiae|Eremogone ferrisiae]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Sepals 4.5-7.2 mm, in fruit to 8 mm; cymes ± compact, branches ascending or erect; nectaries rectangular, 2-lobed or truncate, 0.7-1.5 mm
|[[Eremogone macradenia|Eremogone macradenia]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Cauline leaves in 5-7 pairs, reduced distally; petals yellowish white, 5.8-10 mm; capsules 7-10 mm; n Arizona
|[[Eremogone aberrans|Eremogone aberrans]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Cauline leaves in (1-)2-4+ pairs, reduced distally or not; petals white or rarely pink, (3-)4-7 mm; capsules 4.5-7 mm; Great Basin and to n and w
|[[Eremogone kingii|Eremogone kingii]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Sepals glabrous throughout or essentially so
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Sepals moderately to densely stipitate-glandular
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Petals 0.9-1.1 times as long as sepals; nectaries longitudinally rectangular, apically cleft or emarginate, 1-2 mm; Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico,Utah, Wyoming
|[[Eremogone eastwoodiae|Eremogone eastwoodiae]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Petals 1.5-1.7 times as long as sepals; nectaries rounded at base of filaments, 0.3-0.4 mm; se Nevada
|[[Eremogone stenomeres|Eremogone stenomeres]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Cauline leaves usually in 2-4 pairs, blade usually 0.3-3 cm; stems usually 2-20 cm; nectaries rounded lobe with transverse groove or elongate cup; Colorado Plateau and Great Basin
|[[Eremogone kingii|Eremogone kingii]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Cauline leaves in (4-)5+ pairs, blade usually 3-11 cm; stems usually 7-40 cm; nectaries rounded, not transversely grooved or cupped
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaves flexuous; petals 0.9-13 times as long as sepals; Rocky Mountains proper and outlying mountains
|[[Eremogone fendleri|Eremogone fendleri]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaves rigid; petals 1.5-1.7 times as long as sepals; se Nevada
|[[Eremogone kingii|Eremogone kingii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eremogone
|author=Ronald L. Hartman;Richard K. Rabeler;Frederick H. Utech
|authority=Fenzl
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North-temperate regions;esp. w North America;Eurasian mountains;Asia Minor
|reference=baad1969a;hickman1971a;ikonnikov1973a;maguire1947a
|publication title=Vers. Darstell. Alsin.,
|publication year=1833
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V5/V5_114.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae
|genus=Eremogone
|androecium position=perigynous
|apex architecture=not hooded
|apex architecture or shape=spinose;spinose;apiculate
|apex shape=acuminate;rounded;acute
|appendage presence=absent
|base architecture=branched
|base texture=woody
|blade apex architecture or relief=erose
|blade apex architecture or shape=entire
|blade apex shape=2-fid;emarginate;2-fid;emarginate
|blade architecture=1-veined
|blade shape=filiform;subulate or narrowly linear
|blade texture=not;succulent
|bract architecture=foliaceous
|bract arrangement=paired
|bract size=reduced
|bract texture=scarious
|capsule shape=ovoid;urceolate
|carpophore presence=absent;absent
|cyme architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|filament fusion=distinct
|flower architecture=sessile
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|hypanthium shape=cup-shaped
|inflorescence architecture=open;congested or umbellate
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf architecture or arrangement=congested
|leaf fusion=connate
|margin coloration=white
|margin texture=scarious
|marginal wing presence=absent
|nectary prominence=prominent
|nectary quantity=5
|pedicel orientation=erect
|perianth position=perigynous
|petal coloration=brownish;pink;yellowish white;brownish;pink;yellowish white;white
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=not;clawed
|rhizome presence=absent
|seed coloration=gray;black;blackish purple;tan;greenish brown;dark reddish;gray;black;blackish purple;tan;greenish brown;dark reddish;gray;black;blackish purple;tan;greenish brown;dark reddish;gray;black;blackish purple;tan;greenish brown;dark reddish;gray;black;blackish purple;tan;greenish brown;dark reddish
|seed quantity=1;10
|seed relief=tuberculate;rugulose;tuberculate;rugulose;smooth
|seed shape=compressed;ovoid;pyriform or suborbicular
|sepal arrangement=opposite
|sepal coloration=green
|sepal fusion=connate;distinct
|sepal presence=absent
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=linear-lanceolate;ovate
|sepal some measurement=1.8mm;12mm
|stamen orientation=arising
|stamen quantity=10
|staminode presence=absent
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem shape=terete
|stigma architecture or shape=subcapitate
|stigma quantity=[50;3
|stigma relief=smooth;papillate
|style pubescence=glabrous
|style quantity=3
|style shape=filiform
|style some measurement=2.5mm;3mm
|taproot size=stout;slender
|tooth orientation=ascending;recurved
|tooth quantity=6
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant;matted
|x chromosome quantity=11
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae]]