View source for Erica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Erica
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 352. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 167. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Heath
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Ericoideae;Erica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Ericoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Erica]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek ereiko, to break, alluding to brittle stems
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 371, 372, 375
|treatment_page=page 492
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Subshrubs </b>or shrubs [trees].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>erect, spreading, or creeping, (much-branched);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="twig pubescence;twig pubescence">twigs glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>persistent, whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade texture;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;margin pubescence">blade coriaceous, margins ciliate, prickled, or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;umbel architecture;raceme architecture;panicle architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, umbels, racemes, or panicles, 10–30-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">perulae absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="perula presence">(bracteoles 2–3).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion">sepals 4–5, distinct, (shorter than petals);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal lengths;corolla duration;corolla shape">petals 4–5, connate nearly their entire lengths [connate ca. 1/2 their lengths], corolla persistent, campanulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">stamens 10, included or exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position;stamen position">(filaments glabrous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="awn dehiscence;awn shape;awn position;pore dehiscence;pore shape;pore position">anthers with or without awns, dehiscent through narrowly oblong, subterminal pores;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary pseudo-10-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style position;style position">style (slender, straight), included or exserted, (glabrous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma filiform, obconic, or capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular [drupaceous], ellipsoid, dehiscence loculicidal [indehiscent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed architecture;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>ca. 10, ellipsoid to obovoid, not winged, not tailed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="">testa reticulate or foveolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="testa relief;testa relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe;Asia;Africa
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 860 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>All of the naturalized species of Erica, as well as some others and hybrids, are cultivated, especially in the northeastern and northwestern coastal areas (D. Metheny 1991). Most require acid soils, although E. carnea, E. vagans, and E. ×darleyensis (E. carnea × E. erigena) will accept neutral soils (A. Mikolajski 1997). Over 700 species are endemic to the Cape region of southern Africa; recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus originated in Europe, and that the southern African species represent radiation from an ancestor of E. arborea (A. F. McGuire and K. A. Kron 2005).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels 5-8 mm; corollas 2.5-3.5 mm; anthers without awns; petioles 0.5-1 mm.
|[[Erica vagans|Erica vagans]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels 1-3 mm; corollas 4-6 mm; anthers with awns; petioles 0.1-0.3 mm
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stigmas obconic, exserted; calyx lobes ovate
|[[Erica lusitanica|Erica lusitanica]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stigmas capitate, not (or slightly) exserted; calyx lobes deltate
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves in whorls of 3, surfaces glabrous, but with marginal prickles; ovaries glabrous; corolla lobes rounded apically.
|[[Erica cinerea|Erica cinerea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves in whorls of 4, surfaces with scattered hairs and glands; ovaries hairy; corolla lobes acute apically.
|[[Erica tetralix|Erica tetralix]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Erica
|author=Gordon C. Tucker
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ericaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Europe;Asia;Africa
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_961.xml
|subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Ericoideae
|genus=Erica
|awn dehiscence=dehiscent
|awn position=subterminal
|awn shape=oblong
|blade texture=coriaceous
|corolla duration=persistent
|corolla shape=campanulate
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit shape=ellipsoid
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf arrangement=whorled
|leaf duration=persistent
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|margin pubescence=glabrous
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=pseudo-10-locular
|panicle architecture=10-30-flowered
|perula presence=absent
|petal fusion=connate
|petal lengths=entire
|petal quantity=4;5
|petiole presence=absent
|pore dehiscence=dehiscent
|pore position=subterminal
|pore shape=oblong
|raceme architecture=10-30-flowered
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed quantity=10
|seed shape=not tailed;ellipsoid;obovoid
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal quantity=4;5
|stamen position=exserted;included
|stamen quantity=10
|stem orientation=creeping;spreading;creeping;spreading;erect
|stigma shape=capitate;obconic;capitate;obconic;filiform
|style position=exserted;included
|testa relief=foveolate;reticulate
|twig pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|umbel architecture=10-30-flowered
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. Ericoideae]]