View source for Eschscholzia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eschscholzia
|accepted_authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
|place=73. 1820
|year=1820
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Papaveraceae;Eschscholzia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Papaveraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eschscholzia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1793-1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="sap coloration;sap coloration">sap colorless or clear orange.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>leafy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;basal leaf position;basal leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, basal and sometimes cauline, petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;lobe quantity">blade 1-4× pinnately deeply lobed, lobes of each order usually 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ultimate lobe size or width">ultimate lobes narrow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;bract presence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, cymose with bracts present, or 1-flowered.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="receptacle shape;rim fusion"><b>Flowers:</b> receptacle dilated, forming cup beneath calyx, sometimes with free rim;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium perigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal architecture;sepal duration">sepals 2, connate, calyptrate, deciduous as unit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal quantity;petal shape;groove size;groove arrangement or course or shape">petals 4, rarely more (doubled flowers), obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 12-many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 2-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 1-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style presence">style absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma orientation;stigma arrangement or course or shape">stigmas 4-8, spreading, linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit architecture;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, cylindric, 2-valved, dehiscing from base along placentas, often explosively.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed architecture or coloration or relief;seed shape;seed architecture or shape;seed relief"><b>Seeds </b>many, tan, brown, or black, spheric to ovoid, reticulate, ridged and burlike, or pitted, aril absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="aril presence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 6, 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America (United States);nw Mexico
|discussion=<p>Species 12 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Eschscholzia species are introduced from cultivation elsewhere in warm-temperate regions worldwide.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Receptacular cup with spreading free rim.
|[[Eschscholzia californica|Eschscholzia californica]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Receptacular cup without spreading free rim.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants scapose; ultimate leaf lobes acute; petals yellow; calyx glabrous.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants caulescent, with flowers borne on leafy stems (not readily apparent in young plants); ultimate leaf lobes acute or obtuse; petals yellow or orange; calyx glabrous or pubescent.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds burlike with raised ridges; petals 12 mm or shorter; California (Great Central Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills).
|[[Eschscholzia lobbii|Eschscholzia lobbii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds minutely pitted, not burlike; petals usually 12 mm or longer; California, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah (Mojave and Sonoran deserts).
|[[Eschscholzia glyptosperma|Eschscholzia glyptosperma]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx pubescent; buds nodding; leaf blades sparsely pubescent.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx glabrous; buds nodding or erect; leaf blades essentially glabrous, never consistently pubescent.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals orange or deep yellow throughout, 15–40 mm; receptacles broader than 1.5 mm.
|[[Eschscholzia lemmonii|Eschscholzia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals yellow, sometimes with orange spot at base, 10–20 mm; receptacles narrower than 1.5 mm.
|[[Eschscholzia hypecoides|Eschscholzia hypecoides]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Older buds nodding.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Older buds erect.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades bright green or yellow-green, terminal lobes slender, acute.
|[[Eschscholzia parishii|Eschscholzia parishii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades grayish or bluish green, terminal lobes broadened at apex, usually obtuse.
|[[Eschscholzia minutiflora|Eschscholzia minutiflora]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Receptacle somewhat swollen and translucent distally, usually broader than 2 mm.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Receptacle strictly obconic, not translucent distally, narrower than 2.5 mm.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Petals (15–)20 mm or more, orange or deep yellow; California (Kern County).
|[[Eschscholzia lemmonii|Eschscholzia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Petals 15 mm or less, yellow; inland California Coast Ranges.
|[[Eschscholzia rhombipetala|Eschscholzia rhombipetala]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Flower buds blunt or rounded short-acuminate, tip less than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes elongate, giving diffuse appearance; California Channel Islands.
|[[Eschscholzia ramosa|Eschscholzia ramosa]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Flower buds apiculate-acuminate, tip usually more than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes short, giving compact appearance; California and Oregon mainland foothills.
|[[Eschscholzia caespitosa|Eschscholzia caespitosa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eschscholzia
|authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Papaveraceae
|distribution=w North America (United States);nw Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
|publication year=1820
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_905.xml
|genus=Eschscholzia
|androecium position=perigynous
|aril presence=absent
|basal leaf architecture=petiolate
|basal leaf position=cauline
|blade shape=lobed
|bract presence=absent
|fruit architecture=2-valved;capsular
|fruit dehiscence=dehiscing
|fruit shape=cylindric
|groove arrangement or course or shape=linear
|groove size=microscopic
|inflorescence architecture=1-flowered;cymose
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|lobe quantity=3
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|perianth position=perigynous
|petal quantity=4
|petal shape=obovate;obcuneate
|pistil architecture=2-carpellate
|receptacle shape=dilated
|rim fusion=free
|sap coloration=clear orange;colorless
|seed architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
|seed architecture or shape=burlike
|seed coloration=black;brown;black;brown;tan
|seed quantity=many
|seed relief=pitted
|seed shape=ridged;spheric;ovoid
|sepal architecture=calyptrate
|sepal duration=deciduous
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=2
|stamen quantity=12;many
|stem architecture=leafy
|stigma arrangement or course or shape=linear
|stigma orientation=spreading
|stigma quantity=4;8
|style presence=absent
|ultimate lobe size or width=narrow
|whole_organism architecture=caulescent;scapose
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=7;6
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Papaveraceae]]