View source for Eugenia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eugenia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 470. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Stopper
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Myrtaceae;Eugenia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Myrtaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eugenia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy, 1663–1736, Austrian General
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub pubescence;shrub pubescence;tree size;tree pubescence;tree pubescence;growth life cycle;growth pubescence;growth pubescence;hair architecture;hair architecture"><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, glabrous or pubescent, young growth glabrous or thinly to densely vested, hairs simple or dibrachiate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>opposite;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;blade texture;blade architecture;gland prominence;gland prominence;gland prominence">blade papery to leathery, venation brochidodromous, glands conspicuous to obscure on either or both surfaces.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence position;raceme shape;raceme shape;raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>1–8-flowered, axillary, racemes elongate or appearing fasciculate, or flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bracteole quantity;bracteole duration;bracteole duration;bracteole fusion;bracteole fusion">bracteoles 2, caducous or persistent, distinct or connate basally, forming involucre beneath hypanthium.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>4-merous, pedicellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium length">hypanthium obconic, campanulate, or bowl-shaped, not prolonged beyond summit of ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="calyx lobe duration;fruit quantity;pair variability;pair size">calyx lobes often persistent in fruit, in 2 opposing equal or markedly unequal pairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal coloration;petal prominence">petals white, conspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens [20–] 25–70 [–600];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 2-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 12–25 per locule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="fruits berry coloration;fruits berry coloration;fruits berry coloration;fruits berry coloration;fruits berry coloration;fruits berry coloration;fruits berry shape;fruits berry shape;fruits berry shape;fruits berry shape;fruits berry shape;pericarp texture"><b>Fruits </b>berries, red, purple, black, or purplish black, globose, oblate, or obovoid, with fleshy pericarp.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>1 (or 2), subglobose to reniform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed-coat texture;seed-coat texture">seed-coat membranous or leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="tissue embryo shape;tissue embryo shape;tissue embryo shape">embryo a solid globose or reniform mass, mainly of cotyledonary tissue.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Florida;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;se Asia;Africa
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 1000 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Eugenia is one of the largest genera of flowering plants; within the heart of its range, a significant number of species remain undescribed. The genus is characterized by the basically racemose inflorescences and flowers with four calyx lobes, four petals, 2-loculed ovaries with numerous ovules and an embryo with the cotyledons, radicle, and plumule fused into an undifferentiated mass. There is considerable overlap of characteristics among species, and often taxa can be differentiated only by the degree and type of vestiture or the persistence and degree of fusion of the bracteoles.</p><!--
--><p>Eugenia is a common component of mesic and wet forests at all elevations in the New World tropics, where the vast majority of its species are found. About a dozen species are native to the Old World in tropical Africa and southeast Asia. Only four species range as far north as southern Florida, where they are restricted for the most part to coastal hammocks where winter temperatures are moderated by proximity to the ocean. One introduced species, E. uniflora, has naturalized locally in Florida.</p><!--
--><p>The exceptionally hard wood of many species of Eugenia has been used for structural components in building, as well as for tools and cabinetry. The common name, stopper, apparently derived from the use of the fruit as a treatment for diarrhea (D. F. Austin 2004).</p><!--
--><p>Although relatively safe in other parts of their range, all native species of Eugenia should be considered threatened in Florida due to habitat destruction.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees mostly puberulent, hairs erect or recurved; leaf blades elliptic or obovate.
|[[Eugenia foetida|Eugenia foetida]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees glabrous, glabrate, or pubescence limited to ciliate margins of bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes; leaf blades ovate to elliptic.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petioles 1–3 mm; leaf blades ovate, papery; hypanthia ribbed; berries costate, deep bright red.
|[[Eugenia uniflora|Eugenia uniflora]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petioles 3–9 mm; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, leathery; hypanthia not ribbed; berries not costate, bright or dark red, purple, or purplish black.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petioles flattened or splayed; pedicels 1–3 mm; floral discs 0.7–1 mm diam.; berries purplish black.
|[[Eugenia axillaris|Eugenia axillaris]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petioles channeled; pedicels 6–20(–30) mm; floral discs 2–3 mm diam.; berries bright or dark red or purple.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves with caudate-acuminate apex; berries bright red, 6–9 mm diam.
|[[Eugenia confusa|Eugenia confusa]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves with bluntly acute or acuminate apex; berries dark red or purple, 4–7 mm diam.
|[[Eugenia rhombea|Eugenia rhombea]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eugenia
|author=Fred R. Barrie
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Myrtaceae
|distribution=Florida;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;se Asia;Africa
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=
|genus=Eugenia
|blade architecture=brochidodromous
|blade texture=papery;leathery
|bracteole duration=persistent;caducous
|bracteole fusion=connate;distinct
|bracteole quantity=2
|calyx lobe duration=persistent
|flower architecture=pedicellate;4-merous
|fruit quantity=2
|fruits berry coloration=purplish black;black;purplish black;black;purple;red
|fruits berry shape=obovoid;oblate;obovoid;oblate;globose
|gland prominence=conspicuous;obscure
|growth life cycle=young
|growth pubescence=thinly to densely;glabrous
|hair architecture=dibrachiate;simple
|hypanthium length=not prolonged
|hypanthium shape=bowl--shaped;campanulate;bowl--shaped;campanulate;obconic
|inflorescence architecture=1-8-flowered
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf arrangement=opposite
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|ovule quantity=12;25
|pair size=unequal
|pair variability=equal
|pericarp texture=fleshy
|petal coloration=white
|petal prominence=conspicuous
|raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|raceme shape=appearing fasciculate , or flowers;elongate
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=subglobose;reniform
|seed-coat texture=leathery;membranous
|shrub pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|stamen atypical quantity=70;600
|stamen quantity=25;70
|tissue embryo shape=reniform;globose;solid
|tree pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|tree size=small
}}<!--

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