View source for Fagonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fagonia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 386. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Zygophyllaceae;Fagonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Zygophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fagonia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Guy-Crescent Fagon, 1638–1718, French botanist and chemist, physician to Louis XIV
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 29
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs, perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem shape;stem shape;stem some measurement;stem texture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect to spreading or ± prostrate, highly branched, angled or ridged [terete], less than 1 m, becoming woody at least at base, hairy and glandular to almost glabrate [glabrous].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>opposite, palmately compound [rarely scalelike];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fragility;stipule shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape">stipules persistent, stiff [herbaceous], spinelike, apex spinose or spinulose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiolule presence">petiolules usually present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet fusion;leaflet shape;leaflet position or structure subtype;leaflet size;base shape;apex architecture or shape;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">leaflets (1–) 3 [–7], inserted on petiole apex, distinct, [linear] lanceolate to ovate [obovate], terminal largest, base cuneate, apex spinose, surfaces stipitate-glandular, glabrate, or glabrous [hairy].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel orientation;pedicel orientation"><b>Pedicels </b>in leaf-axils, erect, becoming reflexed in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>usually solitary, regular to slightly irregular by twisting of petals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal coloration;sepal variability;margin prominence;margin texture;apex shape;apex pubescence">sepals deciduous or persistent, 5, distinct, green to purple, equal, margins undifferentiated or sometimes membranous, apex acute-attenuate, hairy or glandular to glabrate [glabrous];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal duration;petal quantity;petal arrangement;petal orientation;petal architecture;petal coloration;petal shape;base shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape">petals soon deciduous, 5, imbricate, spreading, often twisted (propellerlike), purple to pink [rarely white], ± obovate, base clawed, apex rounded, usually apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="nectary prominence">nectary rudimentary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen variability">stamens 10, ± equal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="all fusion;all shape;all architecture">filaments free, filiform, unappendaged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther shape">anthers sagittate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture;ovary shape;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary pubescence;ovary architecture or function or pubescence">ovary sessile, 5-lobed, 5-locular, hairy and usually glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules (1–) 2 per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style duration">style persistent, forming beak on fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma size">stigma minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, ovoid, deeply 5-lobed, loculicidally dehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed prominence or shape;seed shape;seed-coat coating"><b>Seeds </b>usually 1 per locule, brownish to black, flat, ± ovate, seed-coat mucilaginous when wet.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Warm-arid habitats.
|distribution=sw United States;nw Mexico;sw South America;w;s Asia;n;sw Africa;Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands);Atlantic Islands (Cape Verde Islands)
|discussion=<p>Species 35 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Although Fagonia species are perennial, they sometimes facultatively form flowers and reproduce during their first season. The seeds of Fagonia are sticky when wet, which probably aids in dispersal (D. M. Porter 1974b).</p><!--
--><p>Although Fagonia laevis and F. pachyacantha do not cluster next to one another in the trees illustrating a phylogenetic study of the genus (B.-A. Beier et al. 2004b), they were placed together in the taxonomic revision (Beier 2005). Beier reported F. californica Bentham from Arizona and California, considering F. laevis and F. longipes to be synonyms; however, F. californica is a species of Baja California Sur and Sonora and does not occur in the flora area (D. M. Porter 1963). Fagonia californica differs from F. longipes in being prostrate-spreading, not erect to spreading; having leaflets that are elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or oblong, not linear to linear-lanceolate; and having pedicels that are stout and 1–6 mm, not slender and 8–20 mm. It differs from F. laevis, which has erect to spreading stems and linear-elliptic leaflets and is mostly glabrous, not densely stipitate-glandular.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=beier2004b
|text=Beier, B.-A. et al. 2004b. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the desert plant genus Fagonia (Zygophyllaceae), inferred by parsimony and Bayesian model averaging. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 33: 91–108.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=beier2005a
|text=Beier, B.-A. 2005. A revision of Fagonia (Zygophyllaceae). Syst. Biodivers. 3: 221–263.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems densely short-stipitate- or subsessile-glandular, glands golden, to 1 mm diam.; older stems glabrate basally; stipules straight, 3–16 mm, about as long as petioles.
|[[Fagonia pachyacantha|Fagonia pachyacantha]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems glabrous or densely to sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular, glands clear or yellow, to 0.1 mm diam.; older stems mostly glabrous or becoming glabrate; stipules curved, 1–6 mm, shorter than petioles.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pedicels 8–20 mm; ovaries and capsules puberulent and minutely stipitate-glandular; stems, stipules, petioles, pedicels, and sepals stipitate-glandular; lateral leaflets about same width as terminal leaflet.
|[[Fagonia longipes|Fagonia longipes]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pedicels 1.5–7 mm; ovaries and capsules glabrous, puberulent, or minutely strigose, not glandular; plants generally glabrous, but often pedicels and sepals, sometimes stipules and petioles, and rarely ultimate branches sparsely stipitate-glandular; lateral leaflets often narrower than terminal leaflet.
|[[Fagonia laevis|Fagonia laevis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fagonia
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Zygophyllaceae
|habitat=Warm-arid habitats.
|distribution=sw United States;nw Mexico;sw South America;w;s Asia;n;sw Africa;Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands);Atlantic Islands (Cape Verde Islands)
|reference=beier2004b;beier2005a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_1091.xml
|genus=Fagonia
|all architecture=unappendaged
|all fusion=free
|all shape=filiform
|anther shape=sagittate
|apex architecture or shape=apiculate;spinose;spinulose;spinose
|apex pubescence=glandular;glabrate
|apex shape=rounded;acute-attenuate
|base shape=clawed;cuneate
|flower architecture=twisting;regular;slightly irregular
|fruits capsule dehiscence=dehiscent
|fruits capsule shape=5-lobed;ovoid
|leaf architecture=compound
|leaf arrangement=opposite
|leaflet atypical quantity=3;7
|leaflet fusion=distinct
|leaflet position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaflet quantity=3
|leaflet shape=lanceolate;ovate
|leaflet size=largest
|margin prominence=undifferentiated
|margin texture=membranous
|nectary prominence=rudimentary
|ovary architecture=sessile
|ovary architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=5-locular
|ovary pubescence=hairy
|ovary shape=5-lobed
|ovule atypical quantity=1;2
|ovule quantity=2
|pedicel orientation=reflexed;erect
|petal architecture=twisted
|petal arrangement=imbricate
|petal coloration=purple;pink
|petal duration=deciduous
|petal orientation=spreading
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=obovate
|petiolule presence=absent
|seed coloration=brownish;black
|seed prominence or shape=flat
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=ovate
|seed-coat coating=mucilaginous
|sepal coloration=green;purple
|sepal duration=persistent;deciduous
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal variability=equal
|stamen quantity=10
|stamen variability=equal
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect;spreading or more or less prostrate
|stem pubescence=glabrate;glandular to almost;hairy
|stem shape=ridged;angled
|stem some measurement=0m;1m
|stem texture=woody
|stigma size=minute
|stipule duration=persistent
|stipule fragility=stiff
|stipule shape=spinelike
|style duration=persistent
|surface pubescence=glabrous;glabrate;glabrous;glabrate;stipitate-glandular
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub;herb
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Zygophyllaceae]]