View source for Ficus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ficus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1059. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 482. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Fig;figuier
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Moraceae;Ficus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Moraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ficus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin ficus, an old name for edible fig, Ficus carica
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism habitat;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism texture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees,</b> shrubs, or woody vines, evergreen or deciduous, commonly epiphytic or scandent as seedlings;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="sap coloration">sap milky.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Terminal </b>buds surrounded by pair of stipules.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, monomorphic (dimorphic in F. pumila);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;bud architecture">stipules caducous, fused, enclosing naked buds.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade: margins entire (lobed in F. carica), rarely dentate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade architecture">venation pinnate or nearly palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence size;inner receptacle shape;inner receptacle texture"><b>Inflorescences </b>small, borne on inner walls of fruitlike and fleshy receptacle (syconium).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers:</b> staminate and pistillate on same plant.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Staminate </b>flowers sessile or pedicellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity">calyx of 2-6 sepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen course">stamens 1-2, straight.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 1-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style architecture;style position">style unbranched, lateral.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="syconium shape"><b>Syconia </b>globose to pyriform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="receptacle size;receptacle texture;receptacle quantity;scale size">achenes completely embedded in enlarged, fleshy, common receptacle and accessible by apical opening (ostiole) closed by small scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">x = 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropics and subtropics;chiefly Asian
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 750 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Worldwide, Ficus is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Members of the genus are usually treated as a separate tribe within Moraceae because of their unique inflorescence and wasp-dependent system of pollination.</p><!--
--><p>The floral characters (especially of the American species, which are quite uniform) are exceedingly difficult to use or of little value in distinguishing species. Therefore they are not used in the species descriptions. The form of the syconium, however, is often significant and taxonomically useful.</p><!--
--><p>Ficus pseudocarica Miquel was cited by P. A. Munz (1974) as an occasional escape in the Santa Barbara region. It is not cited by other workers, and I have seen no specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Ficus rubiginosa Desfontaines ex Ventenat cultivar `Florida', a species native to Australia, has recently been reported as naturalized in the Los Angeles area (Michael O'Brien, pers. comm.). It is a small tree with rusty-pubescent branchlets, petiole, and abaxial leaf surfaces; ovate to elliptic-oblong, leathery, 10-cm leaves; and paired axillary, globose, warty, rusty-pubescent syconia 1 cm in diameter. Vernacular names include Port Jackson fig, rusty fig, and littleleaf fig.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants climbing, attaching by nodal adventitious roots, or trailing; leaves dimorphic.
|[[Ficus pumila|Ficus pumila]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants erect or essentially so; leaves monomorphic.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade palmately 3–5-lobed, pubescent.
|[[Ficus carica|Ficus carica]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade entire, glabrous (abaxially puberulent in F. benghalensis).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Apex of leaf blade abruptly long-caudate or long-acuminate, ca. 1/2 length of blade.
|[[Ficus religiosa|Ficus religiosa]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Apex of leaf blade obtuse to acute or if caudate, then much shorter in proportion to blade.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Basal leaf veins (2–)3–4 pairs; fruit pubescent.
|[[Ficus benghalensis|Ficus benghalensis]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Basal leaf veins 1(–2) pairs; fruit glabrous.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade with more than 10 uniform lateral veins, these regularly spaced.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade with fewer than 10 lateral veins, or if more than 10, these not uniformly spaced.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blade 4–6(–11) cm; stipules 0.8–1.2 cm; syconia nearly globose.
|[[Ficus benjamina|Ficus benjamina]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blade 9–30 cm; stipules 3–10 cm; syconia oblong-ovoid.
|[[Ficus elastica|Ficus elastica]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Syconia on peduncles (2–)5–10(–15) mm.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Syconia sessile or subsessile, rarely with peduncles to 5 mm.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petiole (0.7–)1.5–6 cm; syconia spotted; base of leaf blade usually cordate or rounded to obtuse.
|[[Ficus citrifolia|Ficus citrifolia]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petiole 0.2–1 cm; syconia not spotted; base of leaf blade usually acute or cuneate to obtuse.
|[[Ficus americana|Ficus americana]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blade 6–12(–15) cm; syconia 6–15 mm diam.
|[[Ficus aurea|Ficus aurea]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blade 3–11 cm; syconia 5–6 mm diam.
|[[Ficus microcarpa|Ficus microcarpa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ficus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Moraceae
|distribution=Tropics and subtropics;chiefly Asian
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_873.xml
|genus=Ficus
|bud architecture=naked
|flower architecture=sessile;pistillate;pedicellate;sessile;staminate;pistillate;staminate
|inflorescence size=small
|inner receptacle shape=fruitlike
|inner receptacle texture=fleshy
|leaf architecture=monomorphic
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf-blade architecture=palmate;pinnate
|margin architecture or shape=dentate;entire
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|receptacle quantity=common
|receptacle size=enlarged
|receptacle texture=fleshy
|sap coloration=milky
|scale size=small
|sepal quantity=2;6
|stamen course=straight
|stamen quantity=1;2
|stipule duration=caducous
|stipule fusion=fused
|style architecture=unbranched
|style position=lateral
|syconium shape=globose;pyriform
|whole_organism duration=deciduous;evergreen
|whole_organism growth form=vine;shrub;scandent;tree
|whole_organism habitat=epiphytic
|whole_organism texture=woody
|x chromosome quantity=13
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Moraceae]]