View source for Fontinalaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fontinalaceae
|accepted_authority=Schimper
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fontinalaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fontinalaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 489
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form;mass architecture or fragility;mass density"><b>Plants </b>small to large, in loose or dense masses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="primary-stem growth form or orientation"><b>Primary-</b>stems creeping.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="secondary stem orientation;secondary stem orientation;secondary stem orientation;secondary stem orientation;secondary stem orientation;secondary stem architecture"><b>Secondary </b>stems prostrate, pendent, or trailing, freely and irregularly branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="central strand presence">central strand absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf insertion position">rhizoids on stems and at base of secondary stems, from initials abaxial to leaf insertions and around secondary stem primordia;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="axillary hair shape">axillary hairs elongate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf shape;leaf arrangement or vernation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>3-ranked, keeled, conduplicate, concave, or plane;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="base shape">base decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">margins entire or serrulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">costa subpercurrent to long-excurrent or nearly ecostate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="costa position;costa architecture;costa architecture;cell size;cell pubescence or shape;wall texture">alar cells enlarged and bulging or walls firm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">medial laminal cells linear to linear-rhomboidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell reproduction;medial laminal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="">perigonia gemmate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="perichaetium position;branch height or length or size">perichaetia lateral on short branches.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seta height or length or size;seta shape"><b>Seta </b>short or elongate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="capsule prominence;capsule location;capsule location;capsule position;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape"><b>Capsule </b>immersed, laterally emergent, emergent, or exserted, oval, oval-oblong, subcylindric, or cylindric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stoma presence">stomata absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="annulus prominence;annulus size">annulus rudimentary or rarely massive;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum obtuse-conic, acute, or obliquely rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="peristome architecture">peristome diplolepidous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth arrangement or course or shape;exostome tooth fusion;external surface relief;external surface relief;external surface relief;external surface size or width;internal surface size or width;internal surface pubescence or texture;internal surface coloration or pubescence or relief;inner trabecula size or width">exostome teeth 16, linear, sometimes united in pairs at apices, external surface smooth, occasionally papillose or spiculose-papillose, lightly thickened, internal surface heavily thickened, granulose, sometimes obscurely striate, inner trabeculae heavily thickened;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="endostome segment arrangement or course or shape;endostome segment coloration;endostome segment relief;endostome segment fusion">endostome segments linear, red to brownish orange, papillose, united by lateral bars only distally (trellis imperfect) or throughout (trellis perfect).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="calyptra shape;calyptra shape;calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief;calyptra architecture;base architecture or fixation"><b>Calyptra </b>mitrate or cucullate, smooth, naked, sometimes clasping base of seta when young.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="spore size;spore size;spore relief"><b>Spores </b>small or large, smooth to lightly papillose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
|discussion=<p>Genera 3, species 19 (3 genera, 15 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Fontinalaceae are distinguished by the aquatic or semi-aquatic habitat, long axillary hairs, absence of stem central strand, lack of stomata, odd exostome morphology, and unusual trellised endostome. The exostome teeth in Fontinalaceae are linear, with outer and inner plates equally high. The endostome is firm rather than membranous because of relatively heavy secondary thickening.</p><!--
--><p>All three genera and most species of Fontinalaceae are found in North America. Brachelyma, which is semi-aquatic with a strong single costa and occasional stem paraphyllia, appears to be the basal genus in the family. Fontinalis, on the other hand, is generally aquatic with a nearly absent costa, well-developed, often bulging alar cells, and immersed to short-emergent capsules, and it appears to be the most derived genus in Fontinalaceae.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves ecostate or nearly so.
|[[Fontinalis|Fontinalis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves with costae present
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate; calyptrae covering operculum only; setae0.7-1.5 mm; capsules immersed.
|[[Brachelyma|Brachelyma]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; calyptrae covering capsule; setae 3-15(-20) mm; capsules immersed, emergent, or exserted.
|[[Dichelyma|Dichelyma]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fontinalaceae
|author=Bruce Allen
|authority=Schimper
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fontinalaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_761.xml
|annulus prominence=rudimentary
|annulus size=massive
|axillary hair shape=elongate
|base architecture or fixation=clasping
|base shape=decurrent
|branch height or length or size=short
|calyptra architecture=naked
|calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|calyptra shape=cucullate;mitrate
|capsule location=emergent;emergent
|capsule position=exserted
|capsule prominence=immersed
|capsule shape=cylindric;subcylindric;cylindric;subcylindric;oval-oblong;oval
|cell pubescence or shape=bulging
|cell size=enlarged
|central strand presence=absent
|costa architecture=nearly;long-excurrent
|costa position=subpercurrent
|endostome segment arrangement or course or shape=linear
|endostome segment coloration=red;brownish orange
|endostome segment fusion=united
|endostome segment relief=papillose
|exostome tooth arrangement or course or shape=linear
|exostome tooth fusion=united
|exostome tooth quantity=16
|external surface relief=spiculose-papillose;papillose;smooth
|external surface size or width=thickened
|inner trabecula size or width=thickened
|internal surface coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|internal surface pubescence or texture=granulose
|internal surface size or width=thickened
|leaf arrangement=3-ranked
|leaf arrangement or vernation=conduplicate
|leaf insertion position=abaxial
|leaf shape=plane;concave;plane;concave;keeled
|margin architecture or shape=serrulate;entire
|mass architecture or fragility=loose
|mass density=dense
|medial laminal cell reproduction=dioicous;sexual
|medial laminal cell shape=linear;linear-rhomboidal
|operculum shape=rostrate;acute;rostrate;acute;obtuse-conic
|perichaetium position=lateral
|peristome architecture=diplolepidous
|primary-stem growth form or orientation=creeping
|secondary stem architecture=branched
|secondary stem orientation=trailing;pendent;trailing;pendent;prostrate
|seta height or length or size=short
|seta shape=elongate
|spore relief=smooth;lightly papillose
|spore size=large;small
|stoma presence=absent
|wall texture=firm
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism size=small;large
}}<!--

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