View source for Fumaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fumaria
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 699. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 314. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Fumitory;fumeterre
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fumariaceae;Fumaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fumariaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fumaria]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin fumus, smoke, alluding presumably to odor of roots
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual, caulescent, from taproots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect to reclining, branching.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, sometimes also basal, compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="order quantity;margin architecture or shape;surface pubescence">blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes, margins entire, surfaces glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal on main-stem and leaf-opposed branches, racemose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower architecture or shape;flower quantity;flower shape"><b>Flowers </b>bilaterally symmetric about 1 plane;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sepal architecture;sepal shape;base shape;margin shape;apex shape">sepals peltate with attachment near base, ovate, base rounded, margins ± lacerate, apex acute to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="outer petal shape;outer petal architecture or shape">outer petals inconspicuously crested, one basally spurred;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="filament fusion">stamens with filaments of each bundle completely connate, adhering basally to petals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="ovary shape">ovary ovoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="style duration;style shape">style promptly deciduous after anthesis, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma ± 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="capsule dehiscence"><b>Capsules </b>indehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seed quantity;elaiosome presence"><b>Seed </b>1, elaiosome absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa;and Atlantic islands;with greatest diversity in w Mediterranean region
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 50 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Fumaria parviflora Lamarck was reported as adventive from Europe in central Texas by D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston (1970) and in central and southern coastal California by J. C. Hickman (1993). In the former treatment F. parviflora is said to differ from F. officinalis by having leaf segments with channeled lobes, and capsules obtuse to apiculate or beaked, while in the latter treatment it is reported to differ from that species by having shorter (3-4 mm), cream-colored petals, the inner ones tipped purple, and ± crested capsules. Evidently, the species is found in North America only as a waif and is not naturalized here. Fumaria martinii Clavaud, a synonym of F. reuteri Boissier according to M. Lidén (1986), was reported from southwestern British Columbia by B. Boivin (1966), but I have not seen specimens. Fumaria bastardii Boreau also has been reported from British Columbia, as an infrequent garden escape on roadsides, in waste places, and at forest edges in the southern part of the province (G. W. Douglas et al. 1989). It differs from F. officinalis in that the corolla is dark pink and 10-12 mm long.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels rigidly arcuate-recurved in fruit; capsules smooth or nearly so; corolla 9–14 mm.
|[[Fumaria capreolata|Fumaria capreolata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels straight and spreading to ascending in fruit; capsules slightly wrinkled, warty, pebbled, or shallowly pitted; corolla 5–9.5 mm.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corolla 6–9.5 mm, spur ca. 2.5 mm.
|[[Fumaria officinalis|Fumaria officinalis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corolla 5–6 mm, spur 1–1.5 mm.
|[[Fumaria vaillantii|Fumaria vaillantii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fumaria
|author=David E. Boufford
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fumariaceae
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa;and Atlantic islands;with greatest diversity in w Mediterranean region
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_376.xml
|genus=Fumaria
|apex shape=acute;acuminate
|base shape=rounded
|capsule dehiscence=indehiscent
|elaiosome presence=absent
|filament fusion=connate
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower quantity=1
|flower shape=plane
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture=compound
|leaf position=basal;cauline
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=lacerate
|order quantity=3;4
|outer petal architecture or shape=spurred
|outer petal shape=crested
|ovary shape=ovoid
|seed quantity=1
|sepal architecture=peltate
|sepal shape=ovate
|stem architecture=branching
|stem orientation=erect;reclining
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|style duration=deciduous
|style shape=elongate
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism architecture=caulescent
|whole_organism duration=annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fumariaceae]]