View source for Funariaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Funariaceae
|accepted_authority=Schwägrichen
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Funariaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Funariaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 195, 199
|treatment_page=page 180
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;tuft architecture"><b>Plants </b>minute to medium-sized, gregarious to forming open tufts, light to yellow-green, annual to biennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem height or length or size;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;branch quantity;central strand presence;basal rhizoid quantity"><b>Stems </b>short, erect, simple or with a few branches, central strand present, basal rhizoids few.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf size;leaf arrangement;leaf pubescence;leaf size;leaf arrangement or shape;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;margin shape;margin orientation;margin architecture or shape;margin coloration;apex shape;apex shape;costa quantity;costa architecture"><b>Leaves </b>usually larger and more crowded distally, often comose, reduced proximally, usually contorted when dry, spreading when wet, broadly elliptic to obovate, usually concave, margins plane to somewhat incurved, entire to serrate, sometimes limbate, apex acute to acuminate, rarely somewhat blunt, costa single, percurrent to excurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="distal and median bud shape;distal and median bud architecture or pubescence or relief;distal and median bud architecture;distal and median bud architecture or arrangement;proximal bud length or size;proximal bud shape;proximal bud shape;proximal bud variability">distal and median cells usually irregular-rhombic to hexagonal or rectangular, smooth and rather thin-walled, often lax, weakly chlorophyllose, proximal cells usually longer, oblong to rectangular, sometimes weakly inflated at proximal angles, differentiated alar cells absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bud presence;bud development;bud reproduction;bud presence;bud reproduction;bud reproduction;bud reproduction;bud reproduction;bud reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition autoicous, sometimes polygamous, rarely synoicous or paroicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perigonium position or structure subtype;perigonium architecture or shape;basal branch height or length or size;paraphyse coloration;paraphyse shape"><b>Perigonia </b>terminal on short basal branches, budlike, paraphyses yellowish and club-shaped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="perichaetium position or structure subtype;paraphyse presence;paraphyse shape;perichaetial leaf size"><b>Perichaetia </b>terminal, paraphyses usually absent and filiform when present, perichaetial leaves often somewhat enlarged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="seta position or structure subtype;seta architecture or arrangement or growth form;seta size;seta orientation;seta course;seta relief;seta relief"><b>Seta </b>terminal, solitary, short-to-elongate, erect to somewhat curved, smooth or rarely papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="capsule dehiscence;capsule dehiscence;capsule prominence;capsule position;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule architecture or shape;capsule architecture;capsule coloration or pubescence or relief"><b>Capsule </b>stegocarpous or cleistocarpous, immersed to exserted, globose or pyriform to cupulate, sometimes flaring, symmetric and nearly smooth to asymmetric and striate when dry, usually with a neck;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="exothecial bud width;exothecial bud architecture">exothecial cells thick to thin-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stoma position;stoma prominence;guard cell shape;annulus presence;annulus presence;annulus architecture;annulus architecture">stomata restricted to neck, consisting of a slit in a rounded guard cell, superficial or immersed, annulus present or absent, revoluble, revoluble in fragments, or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="operculum presence;operculum presence;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum present or absent, flat, conic-rounded, to rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="peristome quantity;peristome prominence;peristome presence;exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth pubescence;exostome tooth pubescence;exostome tooth architecture;endostome segment quantity;cilium presence">peristome double, single, rudimentary, or absent, exostome teeth 16, erect to incurved, papillose-striolate or striate, trabeculate on adaxial surface, endostome segments 16 and opposite the exostome teeth, cilia absent, represented only by the exostome when single.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="calyptra duration;calyptra duration;calyptra shape;calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief;calyptra shape;calyptra shape"><b>Calyptra </b>deciduous or persistent, mitrate to cucullate, smooth, usually long-rostrate and inflated towards the base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="spore shape;spore shape;spore relief"><b>Spores </b>spherical or subreniform, strongly ornamented to smooth.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 13, species ca. 300 (6 genera, 29 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The Funariaceae is characterized by broad leaves, large, pale laminal cells, opposite peristomes, and the distinctive stomata. The majority of species are found in disturbed or open sites on bare soil. Many of the species are annuals or biennials, and some may be perennials. When sterile, only a few species have distinctive vegetative features that allow positive identification to genus or species level. Fortunately most are usually fertile and sporophytes are common, although seasonal.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=crum1955a
|text=Crum, H. A. and L. E. Anderson. 1955. Taxonomic studies in the Funariaceae. Bryologist 58: 1–15.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fife1985a
|text=Fife, A. J. 1985. A generic revision of the Funariaceae (Bryophyta: Musci). Part 1. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 58: 149–196.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Calyptra large and four-angled, completely enclosing the mature capsule.
|[[Pyramidula|Pyramidula]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Calyptra smaller than mature capsule, not angled or persistent
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Capsules immersed
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Capsules emergent or long-exserted
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules rupturing irregularly; exothecial cells delicate, thin-walled.
|[[Physcomitrella|Physcomitrella]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules operculate; exothecial cells firm, thick-walled or collenchymatous
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Exothecial cells collenchymatous; spores spiculose-papillose.
|[[Aphanorrhegma|Aphanorrhegma]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Exothecial cells not collenchymatous; spores papillose.
|[[Physcomitrium|Physcomitrium]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Capsules inclined and asymmetric; peristome double, endostome well developed to somewhat rudimentary.
|[[Funaria|Funaria]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Capsules erect and more or less symmetric; peristome either single, rudimentary, or absent
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Capsules sub-cylindric to narrowly pyriform; most exothecial cells oblong to oblong-linear, rarely isodiametric; calyptra cucullate.
|[[Entosthodon|Entosthodon]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Capsules urn-shaped, broadly pyriform, to cupulate; operculum rostrate; most exothecial cells irregularly hexagonal, ± isodiametric; calyptra mitrate to irregularly mitrate, sometimes appearing cucullate.
|[[Physcomitrium|Physcomitrium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Funariaceae
|author=Terry T. McIntosh
|authority=Schwägrichen
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Funariaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica
|reference=crum1955a;fife1985a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_235.xml
|annulus architecture=revoluble;revoluble
|annulus presence=absent;absent
|apex shape=blunt;acute;acuminate
|basal branch height or length or size=short
|basal rhizoid quantity=few
|branch quantity=few
|bud development=specialized
|bud presence=absent;absent
|bud reproduction=paroicous;synoicous;polygamous;autoicous;sexual;asexual
|calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|calyptra duration=persistent;deciduous
|calyptra shape=inflated;long-rostrate;mitrate;cucullate
|capsule architecture=nearly smooth;asymmetric
|capsule architecture or shape=symmetric
|capsule coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|capsule dehiscence=cleistocarpous;stegocarpous
|capsule position=exserted
|capsule prominence=immersed
|capsule shape=flaring;pyriform;cupulate
|central strand presence=absent
|cilium presence=absent
|costa architecture=percurrent;excurrent
|costa quantity=single
|distal and median bud architecture=thin-walled
|distal and median bud architecture or arrangement=lax
|distal and median bud architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|distal and median bud shape=usually irregular-rhombic;hexagonal or rectangular
|endostome segment quantity=16
|exostome tooth architecture=trabeculate
|exostome tooth orientation=erect;incurved
|exostome tooth pubescence=striate;papillose-striolate
|exostome tooth quantity=16
|exothecial bud architecture=thin-walled
|exothecial bud width=thick
|guard cell shape=rounded
|leaf arrangement=crowded
|leaf arrangement or shape=contorted
|leaf orientation=spreading
|leaf pubescence=comose
|leaf shape=concave;broadly elliptic;obovate
|leaf size=reduced;larger
|margin architecture or shape=entire;serrate
|margin coloration=limbate
|margin orientation=incurved
|margin shape=plane
|operculum presence=absent;absent
|operculum shape=conic-rounded;rostrate
|paraphyse coloration=yellowish
|paraphyse presence=absent
|paraphyse shape=filiform;club--shaped
|perichaetial leaf size=enlarged
|perichaetium position or structure subtype=terminal
|perigonium architecture or shape=budlike
|perigonium position or structure subtype=terminal
|peristome presence=absent
|peristome prominence=rudimentary
|peristome quantity=single
|proximal bud length or size=longer
|proximal bud shape=inflated;oblong;rectangular
|proximal bud variability=differentiated
|seta architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|seta course=curved
|seta orientation=erect
|seta position or structure subtype=terminal
|seta relief=papillose;smooth
|seta size=short;elongate
|spore relief=strongly ornamented;smooth
|spore shape=subreniform;spherical
|stem architecture=with a few branches;simple
|stem height or length or size=short
|stem orientation=erect
|stoma position=superficial
|stoma prominence=immersed
|tuft architecture=open
|whole_organism coloration=light;yellow-green
|whole_organism duration=annual;biennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant;gregarious
|whole_organism size=minute;medium-sized
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]]