View source for Gladiolus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Gladiolus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 36. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 23. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Corn-flag
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Iridaceae;Gladiolus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Iridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Gladiolus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin gladiolus, little sword, alluding to the leaf shape
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 349, 408
|treatment_page=page 407
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from corms.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>simple or branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf quantity"><b>Leaves </b>1–9;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;midrib prominence;midrib size or width;midrib shape;midrib size or width;midrib architecture;margin size or width;margin architecture">blade lanceolate to linear, plane or margins and/or midribs variously raised and thickened (then H or X-shaped in cross-section), or evidently terete, midribs and margins much thickened, grooved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="groove quantity;groove size or width;groove dehiscence or orientation">grooves 4, narrow, longitudinal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;flower arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>spicate, partly to fully secund or with flowers weakly distichous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract coloration;bract coloration or density;bract coloration;bract coloration or density;bract size;bract position;bract position relational;bract position;bract shape;bract position;bract shape;bract shape">bracts green, sometimes flushed grayish purple, unequal, outer usually exceeding inner, acute or inner forked or notched apically.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower odor;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>somewhat fragrant, zygomorphic [actinomorphic];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="tepal fusion;tepal coloration;tepal size;dorsal tepal size;dorsal tepal orientation or shape;dorsal tepal architecture;outer tepal quantity;tepal width">tepals basally connate into tube, variously colored, usually with contrasting markings comprising nectar guide on outer tepals, usually unequal, dorsal tepal largest, arched to hooded over stamens, outer 3 tepals narrower;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth-tube shape">perianth-tube obliquely funnel-shaped to cylindric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="stamen architecture or orientation or position">stamens usually unilateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther arrangement">anthers usually parallel;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style orientation;style size;branch quantity;branch shape">style usually arching over stamens, dividing into 3 filiform branches, these distally expanded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule pubescence or texture"><b>Capsules </b>usually slightly inflated, oblong to ellipsoid or globose [rarely nearly cylindric], softly cartilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>usually many, broadly winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed quantity;seed architecture;seed quantity;seed architecture;seed shape;seed shape">rarely few, wingless, globose or angular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">seed-coat light to dark-brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed-coat coloration;x chromosome quantity">x = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Africa;Madagascar;Eurasia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 260 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Hybrid strains of Gladiolus are widely cultivated, and some wild species are grown outdoors in areas with mild winters. The common, large-flowered hybrids are the product of crossing between four or five species, followed by selection. Named variously G. gandavensis L. van Houtte, G. lemoinei Baker, and G. hortulanus L. H. Bailey, these plants are occasionally found in and near gardens and cemeteries and are easily recognized by their large, brightly colored flowers with the inner tepals 60–70 mm long and the outer tepals about 50 mm long. They reproduce mainly vegetatively and persist for some years where winters are mild; they show no evidence of spreading into native vegetation.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals pink to reddish or light purple with white markings on outer 3, 30–65 mm (perianth tube plus dorsal tepal).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals white to cream or orange to red, 60–95 mm (perianth tube plus dorsal tepal).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers 10–13 mm, shorter than to ± equaling filaments; capsules oblong, 18–24 mm; seeds winged.
|[[Gladiolus communis|Gladiolus communis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers ca. 15 mm, exceeding filaments; capsules globose, 10–12 mm; seeds not winged.
|[[Gladiolus italicus|Gladiolus italicus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade cruciform in cross section; tepals white to cream with darker greenish yellow or purple on midlines of each tepal.
|[[Gladiolus tristis|Gladiolus tristis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade plane; tepals red to orange with yellow markings on outer tepals.
|[[Gladiolus dalenii|Gladiolus dalenii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Gladiolus
|author=Peter Goldblatt
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Iridaceae
|distribution=Africa;Madagascar;Eurasia
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_838.xml
|genus=Gladiolus
|anther arrangement=parallel
|blade shape=plane;lanceolate;linear
|bract coloration=flushed grayish;green
|bract coloration or density=purple;purple
|bract position=inner;inner;outer
|bract position relational=exceeding
|bract shape=notched;forked;acute
|bract size=unequal
|branch quantity=3
|branch shape=filiform
|capsule pubescence or texture=cartilaginous
|capsule shape=oblong;ellipsoid or globose
|dorsal tepal architecture=hooded
|dorsal tepal orientation or shape=arched
|dorsal tepal size=largest
|flower architecture=zygomorphic
|flower arrangement=distichous
|flower odor=fragrant
|groove dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|groove quantity=4
|groove size or width=narrow
|inflorescence architecture=with flowers;spicate;partly fully secund
|leaf quantity=1;9
|margin architecture=grooved
|margin size or width=thickened
|midrib architecture=grooved
|midrib prominence=raised
|midrib shape=terete
|midrib size or width=thickened;thickened
|outer tepal quantity=3
|perianth-tube shape=obliquely funnel-shaped;cylindric
|seed architecture=wingless;winged
|seed quantity=few;many
|seed shape=angular;globose
|seed-coat coloration=light;dark-brown
|stamen architecture or orientation or position=unilateral
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|style orientation=arching
|style size=expanded
|tepal coloration=colored
|tepal fusion=connate
|tepal size=unequal
|tepal width=narrower
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=15
}}<!--

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