View source for Gutierrezia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Gutierrezia
|accepted_authority=Lagasca
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Sp. Pl.,
|place=30. 1816
|year=1816
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Gutierrezia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Gutierrezia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Possibly for Pedro Gutierrez, Spanish nobleman, not specified by Lagasca
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 8, 9, 13, 87, 89, 94, 95, 437
|treatment_page=page 88
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, or subshrubs, 10–150 (–200) cm (taprooted).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending, usually branched, glabrous or papillate-scabrous to minutely hispidulous or scabro-hirtellous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal (persistent or absent at flowering) and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">sessile or petiolate (decurrent);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;margin architecture or shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face coloration;face coating">blades (1–5-nerved) linear to lanceolate or spatulate, margins entire (sometimes scabroso-ciliate), faces glabrous or minutely hairy, gland-dotted (sometimes obscurely), resinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head arrangement;head atypical quantity;glomerule arrangement"><b>Heads </b>radiate, borne singly or (3–6) in clusters or glomerules.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre length;involucre width"><b>Involucres </b>cylindric to campanulate, (2–11.5 ×) 0.8–7.5 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllarie quantity;phyllarie architecture;phyllarie architecture;phyllarie shape;phyllarie size;series quantity;base texture;margin texture;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence"><b>Phyllaries </b>4–40 in 2–4 series (stramineous), 1-nerved or 3-nerved, (sometimes strongly convex or keeled), ovate to lanceolate, unequal, bases white-indurate, margins narrowly scarious, abaxial faces glabrous or sparsely hispidulous or hirtellous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle relief;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to conic, pitted (hairy, hairs 1-seriate, swollen, apically hooked), epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets 1–30, pistillate, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas yellow or white (laminae coiling).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret architecture"><b>Disc-</b>florets 1–150, bisexual, fertile, sometimes functionally staminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;lobe quantity;lobe orientation;lobe shape">corollas yellow or white, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect, short-deltate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style-branch appendage shape">style-branch appendages linear-lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>(light tan to purplish black) clavate or cylindric, not compressed, 5–8-nerved, hairy (glabrous in G. wrightii; hairs white, usually arising primarily from between ribs, appearing to occur in longitudinal lines, usually obscuring faces, apices acute or blunt with terminal cells slightly divergent, or clavate to bulbous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus life cycle;pappus shape;pappus shape;pappus architecture or course;pappus fusion;pappus architecture;series quantity">pappi persistent or readily falling, coroniform or of 5–10 whitish, irregular, sometimes ± connate, often erose-margined, scales in 1–2 series (usually longer in discs than rays).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">x = 4.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America;w South America
|discussion=<p>Species 28 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Amphiachyris sometimes has been placed within Gutierrezia; it was treated as distinct by M. A. Lane (1982). The monotypic genus Thurovia from southeast Texas was included in Gutierrezia by Lane; recent molecular data support its status as a separate genus. Evidence from Y. Suh and B. B. Simpson (1990) suggested that Amphiachyris and Thurovia form the sister group to Gutierrezia. The taxonomic history of Gutierrezia also has been intertwined with species of Xanthocephalum, a genus superficially similar to Gutierrezia but more closely related to Grindelia and Isocoma.</p><!--
--><p>Gutierrezia is recognized by its taprooted habit, gland-dotted leaves, small heads, receptacles with fimbriate pit borders, funnelform disc corollas, clavate-hairy cypselae, pappi coroniform or of scales, and base chromosome number of x = 4. Polyploidy is common but of little taxonomic significance; polyploids of different levels tend to be scattered through the range of a species, and populations often comprise mixtures of individuals of different euploid levels (M. A. Lane 1985).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=lane1985a
|text=Lane, M. A. 1985. Taxonomy of Gutierrezia (Compositae: Astereae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 10: 7–28.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=solbrig1960b
|text=Solbrig, O. T. 1960b. Cytotaxonomic and evolutionary studies in the North American species of Gutierrezia. Contr. Gray Herb. 188: 1–63.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=solbrig1964a
|text=Solbrig, O. T. 1964. Infraspecific variation in the Gutierrezia sarothrae complex (Compositae–Astereae). Contr. Gray Herb. 193: 67–115.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=solbrig1965a
|text=Solbrig, O. T. 1965. The California species of Gutierrezia. Madroño 18: 75–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=solbrig1970a
|text=Solbrig, O. T. 1970. The phylogeny of Gutierrezia: An eclectic approach. Brittonia 22: 217–229.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials or subshrubs
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves (1–)3–5-nerved, proximal usually persistent at flowering; phyllary apices conduplicate, swollen, appearing abaxially keeled; cypsela faces pebbly or warty with raised oil cavities, glabrous
|[[Gutierrezia wrightii|Gutierrezia wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves 1-nerved (sometimes 3-nerved in G. texana), proximal usually absent at flowering; phyllary apices flat; cypsela faces moderately to densely hairy, never with oil cavities
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Involucres 4–7 mm diam.; ray corollas white, drying light yellow or reddish; pappi obscured by cypsela indument; cypsela hairs with bulbous-capitate apices
|[[Gutierrezia arizonica|Gutierrezia arizonica]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Involucres 2–5 mm diam.; ray corollas yellow; pappi not hidden by cypsela indument; cypsela hairs with acute to clavate apices
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems smooth, glabrous; cypsela hairs with acute apices; pappi of scales or essentially absent
|[[Gutierrezia texana|Gutierrezia texana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems papillate-scabrous, often sparsely so; cypsela hairs with clavate apices; pappi of scales
|[[Gutierrezia sphaerocephala|Gutierrezia sphaerocephala]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Heads mostly sessile or subsessile, in glomerules, often in broad, dense, flat-topped arrays
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Heads mostly pedunculate, in relatively open arrays
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Involucres cylindric, 1–1.5 mm diam.; ray florets 1(–2); disc florets 1(–2), functionally staminate (corollas obdeltate-funnelform, throats widely flaring, lobes 1/3 corolla lengths, recurved-coiling)
|[[Gutierrezia microcephala|Gutierrezia microcephala]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Involucres cuneate-campanulate to cylindric, 1.5–2(–3) mm diam.; ray florets (2–)3–8; disc florets (2–)3–9, bisexual, fertile (corollas tubular-funnelform, lobes deltate and erect to spreading or recurved)
|[[Gutierrezia sarothrae|Gutierrezia sarothrae]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Perennials; basal leaves persistent; ray corollas 5–8(–10) mm; disc florets 15–23
|[[Gutierrezia petradoria|Gutierrezia petradoria]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Subshrubs; basal leaves not persistent; ray corollas 2–7 mm; disc florets 5–15(–17)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems sparsely scabrous or glandular-scabrous to glabrate; phyllary apicesthickened; cypselae loosely strigose; Utah
|[[Gutierrezia pomariensis|Gutierrezia pomariensis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems glabrous or minutely hispidulous; phyllary apices not thickened; cypselae densely strigoso-sericeous; California and Arizona
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stems glabrous or minutely hispidulous; involucres turbinate to cylindro-turbinate (longer than diam.), 2.5–4 mm diam.; cypselae 2–2.8 mm;California
|[[Gutierrezia californica|Gutierrezia californica]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stems glabrous; involucres narrowly campanulate lengths ± equaling diams., 3–4 mm diam.; cypselae 1–1.2 mm; Arizona
|[[Gutierrezia serotina|Gutierrezia serotina]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Gutierrezia
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Lagasca
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=w North America;w South America
|reference=lane1985a;solbrig1960b;solbrig1964a;solbrig1965a;solbrig1970a
|publication title=Gen. Sp. Pl.,
|publication year=1816
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V20_170.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Gutierrezia
|abaxial face pubescence=hirtellous;hispidulous;glabrous
|base texture=white-indurate
|blade shape=linear;lanceolate or spatulate
|corolla coloration=white;yellow;white;yellow
|cypsela architecture=5-8-nerved
|cypsela pubescence=hairy
|cypsela shape=not compressed;cylindric;clavate
|disc-floret architecture=staminate
|disc-floret quantity=1;150
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face coating=resinous
|face coloration=gland-dotted
|face pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|glomerule arrangement=cluster
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|head arrangement=singly
|head atypical quantity=3;6
|involucre length=[2mm;11.5mm
|involucre shape=cylindric;campanulate
|involucre width=]0.8mm;7.5mm
|leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe orientation=erect
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=short-deltate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin texture=scarious
|pappus architecture=erose-margined
|pappus architecture or course=irregular
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus fusion=connate
|pappus life cycle=falling
|pappus shape=of 5-10 whitish;coroniform
|phyllarie architecture=3-nerved;1-nerved
|phyllarie quantity=4;40
|phyllarie shape=ovate;lanceolate
|phyllarie size=unequal
|ray-floret architecture=pistillate
|ray-floret quantity=1;30
|ray-floret reproduction=fertile
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle relief=pitted
|receptacle shape=flat;conic
|series quantity=1;2
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
|stem pubescence=papillate-scabrous;minutely hispidulous or scabro-hirtellous
|style-branch appendage shape=linear-lanceolate
|tube height or length or size=shorter
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=150cm;200cm
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=10cm;150cm
|whole_organism growth form=subshrub
|x chromosome quantity=4
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]