View source for Gymnocarpium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Gymnocarpium
|accepted_authority=Newman
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Phytologist
|place=4: 371. 1851
|year=1851
}}
|common_names=Oak fern
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dryopteridaceae;Gymnocarpium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dryopteridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Gymnocarpium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek gymnos, naked, and karpos, fruit, referring to the absence of indusia
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>terrestrial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stolon presence"><b>Stems </b>long-creeping, stolons absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf condition"><b>Leaves </b>monomorphic, dying back in winter.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole length;base shape"><b>Petiole </b>ca. 1.5–3 times length of blade, base not swollen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="vascular-bundle quantity;vascular-bundle position;vascular-bundle shape">vascular-bundles 2, lateral, ± oblong in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade architecture;blade shape;blade shape;blade size;blade growth form or texture;apex shape"><b>Blade </b>broadly deltate, ternate, or ovate, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, herbaceous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pinna architecture;rachis duration;segment margin shape"><b>Pinnae </b>weakly articulate to rachis but persistent, segment margins entire to crenate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="proximal pinna length;proximal pinna architecture">proximal pinnae longest, petiolulate, usually ± inequilateral with pinnules on basiscopic side longer than those on acroscopic side;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="costa architecture;groove architecture">costae adaxially grooved, grooves not continuous from rachis to costae;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="gland indument quantity;gland indument quantity;gland size">indument lacking or of minute (0.1 mm) glands abaxially and sometimes along costae adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="vein fusion;vein architecture;vein shape"><b>Veins </b>free, simple or forked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sorus shape;between midrib and margin row quantity"><b>Sori </b>in 1 row between midrib and margin, ± round;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="indusium presence">indusia absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties=""><b>Spores </b>brownish, rugose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spore coloration;spore relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 40.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species 8 (5 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=pryer1983a
|text=Pryer, K. M. and D. M. Britton. 1983. Spore studies in the genus Gymnocarpium. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 377--388.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pryer1983b
|text=Pryer, K. M., D. M. Britton, and J. McNeill. 1983. A numerical analysis of chromatographic profiles in North American taxa of the fern genus Gymnocarpium. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 2592--2602.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pryer1992a
|text=Pryer, K. M. 1992. The status of Gymnocarpium heterosporum and G. robertianum in Pennsylvania. Amer. Fern J. 82: 34--39.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pryer1993a
|text=Pryer, K. M. and C. H. Haufler. 1993. Isozymic and chromosomal evidence for the allotetraploid origin of Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae). Syst. Bot. 18: 150--172.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sarvela1978a
|text=Sarvela, J. 1978. A synopsis of the fern genus Gymnocarpium. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 101--106.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sarvela1981a
|text=Sarvela, J., D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 1981. Studies on the Gymnocarpium robertianum complex in North America. Rhodora 83: 421--431.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wagner1966a
|text=Wagner, W. H. Jr. 1966b. New data on North American oak ferns, Gymnocarpium. Rhodora 68: 121--138.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Adaxial blade surface glabrous or moderately glandular, abaxial blade surface and rachis moderately or densely glandular.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Adaxial and abaxial blade surfaces and rachis essentially glabrous.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Blades glabrous on adaxial surface; proximal pinnae and basiscopic pinnules of proximal pinnae curving toward apex of leaf and apex of pinna, respectively; pinnae of 2d pair almost always sessile with basal pinnules ± equal in length to adjacent pinnules.
|[[Gymnocarpium jessoense subsp. parvulum|Gymnocarpium jessoense subsp. parvulum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Blades moderately glandular on adaxial surface; proximal pinnae and basiscopic pinnules of proximal pinnae ± perpendicular to rachis and costa, respectively; pinnae of 2d pair usually stalked, or if sessile with basal pinnules shorter than adjacent pinnules.
|[[Gymnocarpium robertianum|Gymnocarpium robertianum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pinnae of 2d pair and basal basiscopic pinnule of proximal pinnae stalked.
|[[Gymnocarpium appalachianum|Gymnocarpium appalachianum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pinnae of 2d pair sessile or rarely stalked; proximal basiscopic pinnule of basal pinnae sessile.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pinnae of 2d pair sessile with basal pinnules unequal in length (basiscopic markedly longer); ultimate segments of proximal pinnae slightly lobed to crenate, apex often crenulate, acute; blades 8-24 cm.
|[[Gymnocarpium disjunctum|Gymnocarpium disjunctum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pinnae of 2d pair rarely stalked, if sessile with basal pinnules ± equal in length (basiscopic = acroscopic); ultimate segments of proximal pinnae crenate to entire, apex entire, rounded; blades 3-14 cm.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sessile basal basiscopic pinnule of proximal pinnae with basal basiscopic pinnulet (division of pinnule) ± equal in length to adjacent pinnulet; pinnae of 2d pair usually sessile, with basal pinnules ± equal in length to adjacent basal pinnule; spores 34-39 µm.
|[[Gymnocarpium dryopteris|Gymnocarpium dryopteris]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sessile basal basiscopic pinnule of proximal pinnae with basal basiscopic pinnulet shorter than adjacent pinnulet; pinnae of 2d pair sessile, with basal pinnules shorter than adjacent pinnule, or 2d basal pinnae rarely stalked; spores 27-31 µm.
|[[Gymnocarpium appalachianum|Gymnocarpium appalachianum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Gymnocarpium
|author=Kathleen M. Pryer
|authority=Newman
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Dryopteridaceae
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Eurasia
|reference=pryer1983a;pryer1983b;pryer1992a;pryer1993a;sarvela1978a;sarvela1981a;wagner1966a
|publication title=Phytologist
|publication year=1851
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_75.xml
|genus=Gymnocarpium
|apex shape=pinnatifid
|base shape=not swollen
|between midrib and margin row quantity=1
|blade architecture=ternate
|blade growth form or texture=herbaceous
|blade shape=2-3-pinnate-pinnatifid;ovate;deltate
|blade size=reduced
|costa architecture=grooved
|gland indument quantity=of minute glands;lacking
|gland size=minute
|groove architecture=not continuous
|indusium presence=absent
|leaf architecture=monomorphic
|leaf condition=dying
|petiole length=1.5-3 times length of blade
|pinna architecture=articulate
|proximal pinna architecture=petiolulate
|proximal pinna length=longest
|rachis duration=persistent
|segment margin shape=entire;crenate
|sorus shape=round
|spore coloration=brownish
|spore relief=rugose
|stem growth form or orientation=long-creeping
|stolon presence=absent
|vascular-bundle position=lateral
|vascular-bundle quantity=2
|vascular-bundle shape=oblong
|vein architecture=simple
|vein fusion=free
|vein shape=forked
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial
|x chromosome quantity=40
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Dryopteridaceae]]