View source for Hamamelis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hamamelis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 124. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 59. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Witch-hazel
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bikukulla
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hamamelidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hamamelis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek name used by Hippocrates for medlar, Mespilus germanica Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism odor;whole_organism coating;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism size;whole_organism odor;whole_organism coating;whole_organism growth form;stolon growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, suckering or bearing stolons, not aromatic and resinous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf life cycle;flower bud pubescence">twigs, young leaves, and flower buds stellate-pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark relief;bark relief"><b>Bark </b>gray to gray-brown, smooth or slightly roughened.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bud life cycle;bud architecture;bud pubescence"><b>Dormant </b>buds naked, stellate-pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="terminal bud quantity;pair architecture;subtending scale quantity">terminal bud and 1 of each pair of lateral buds stalked, with 2 subtending scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>short-petiolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade architecture;base orientation or shape;base shape;margin shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, (1-) 3 (-5) -flowered, stalked clusters.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, appearing before or with leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyx lobe quantity;calyx lobe orientation;calyx lobe fusion">calyx lobes 4, reflexed, adnate to ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape">petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size">stamens 4, very short within cup;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;valve quantity">anthers introrse, dehiscing by 2 valves hinged adaxially on connective;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="staminode quantity;petal arrangement">staminodes 4, opposite petals, bearing nectar;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style quantity;style shape;style orientation">styles 2, subulate, spreading to recurved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="capsule architecture or arrangement or growth form;capsule quantity;capsule fusion;calyx duration;calyx shape;stylar beak height or length or size;stylar beak architecture;stylar beak texture;stylar beak fixation or orientation;stylar beak pubescence;stylar beak dehiscence"><b>Capsules </b>solitary or 2-3 together, fused with persistent tubular calyx, stylar beaks very short, loculicidally 2-valved, woody, appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed reflectance;seed texture;seed architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In Hamamelis, the explosively dehiscent capsules may eject the seeds to 10 m. The Japanese species H. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, with reddish to yellow flowers, suggests an affinity with H. vernalis. Both Asian species, H. japonica and H. mollis Oliver of China, and the hybrid H. ×intermedia Rehder (= H. japonica × H. mollis), with a number of cultivars, are widely cultivated.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers appearing in autumn, faintly fragrant; petals pale to deep yellow, rarely reddish, 10–20 mm; staminodes conspicuously dilated; leaves not persistent in winter, blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate, surfaces abaxially pale green, not glaucous; plants suckering.
|[[Hamamelis virginiana|Hamamelis virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers appearing in winter, distinctly fragrant; petals reddish or deep red to orange, occasionally yellow, 7–10 mm; staminodes not dilated or slightly so; leaves often persistent in winter, blade mostly obovate, base narrowed to somewhat cuneate, rarely rounded, weakly oblique, surfaces often abaxially glaucous; plants stoloniferous
|[[Hamamelis vernalis|Hamamelis vernalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hamamelis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Bikukulla
|basionyms=
|family=Hamamelidaceae
|distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_421.xml
|genus=Hamamelis
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing;introrse
|apex shape=rounded;acute or short-acuminate
|bark coloration=gray;gray-brown
|bark relief=roughened;smooth
|base orientation or shape=oblique
|base shape=cuneate
|bud architecture=naked
|bud life cycle=dormant
|bud pubescence=stellate-pubescent
|calyx duration=persistent
|calyx lobe fusion=adnate
|calyx lobe orientation=reflexed
|calyx lobe quantity=4
|calyx shape=tubular
|capsule architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|capsule fusion=fused
|capsule quantity=2;3
|flower bud pubescence=stellate-pubescent
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|inflorescence architecture=stalked;(1-)3(-5)-flowered
|inflorescence arrangement=cluster
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf architecture=short-petiolate
|leaf life cycle=young
|leaf-blade architecture=veined
|leaf-blade shape=broadly elliptic;obovate
|margin shape=repand;sinuate
|pair architecture=stalked
|petal arrangement=opposite
|petal coloration=orange;deep red
|petal quantity=4
|petal shape=pointed;truncate;notched;circinnate;liguliform
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed coloration=black
|seed quantity=2
|seed reflectance=glossy
|seed texture=osseous
|stamen height or length or size=short
|stamen quantity=4
|staminode quantity=4
|stolon growth form=suckering
|stylar beak architecture=2-valved
|stylar beak dehiscence=dehiscent
|stylar beak fixation or orientation=appressed
|stylar beak height or length or size=short
|stylar beak pubescence=stellate-pubescent
|stylar beak texture=woody
|style orientation=spreading;recurved
|style quantity=2
|style shape=subulate
|subtending scale quantity=2
|terminal bud quantity=1
|valve quantity=2
|whole_organism coating=resinous;resinous
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
|whole_organism odor=not aromatic;not aromatic
|whole_organism size=small
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hamamelidaceae]]