View source for Hermannia ← Hermannia You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Hermannia |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 673. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 304. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Burstworts |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae;Hermannia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hermannia]]</div></div> |etymology=For Paul Hermann, 1646 – 1695, German-born Dutch botanist and explorer |volume=Volume 6 |mention_page=page 202, 208 |treatment_page=page 207 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Subshrubs,</b> [shrubs], prostrate to erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism orientation;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem pubescence;hair arrangement or shape;capitate-glandular glandular-hair architecture"><b>Stems </b>hairy, hairs usually stellate, sometimes intermixed with capitate-glandular and subsessile glandular-hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule architecture;stipule shape;stipule shape;stipule shape;margin shape">stipules deciduous, foliaceous, narrowly dimidiate-lanceolate or narrowly dimidiate-ovate, triangular, margins simple-bristled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;margin architecture or shape;staminode presence">blade usually unlobed, rarely lobed, margins dentate or staminodes 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="filament architecture;filament shape;filament fusion;filament fusion;filament orientation;filament shape;region size;region shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex pubescence">filaments ligulate, very compressed, adnate to petal base and gynophore or ovary base, distally free, incurved, not abruptly dilated, expanded region narrowly oblong from base to above anther base, apex acuminate or acute, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="anther shape;anther atypical some measurement;anther atypical some measurement;anther some measurement;anther orientation;anther arrangement;anther dehiscence">anthers 2-thecate, lanceolate, [1–] 2–3.5 [–10] mm, inflexed, connivent to style, longitudinally dehiscent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="rim architecture or pubescence or shape;hair architecture;apex shape;apex architecture">thecae with rim ciliate from simple hairs, apex acuminate, slightly twisted, gland at apex only (H. texana) or also at theca base (H. pauciflora);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="gynoecium architecture;gynoecium architecture;gynoecium architecture;gynoecium shape;sepal arrangement">gynoecium syncarpous, 5-carpellate, stipitate, 5-angled, locules opposite sepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 5-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation">ovules 4–14 per locule, ascending or horizontal, anatropous or amphitropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style duration;style quantity;style position;style fusion;style shape">styles persistent, 5, shortly exserted, presumably connate at anthesis (connate, distinct, or partially distinct dried), filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stigma prominence;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma relief;stigma architecture or shape;stigma prominence">stigmas inconspicuous, terete and 1-dentate (acute) or filiform and often few-minutely papillate at apex, rarely truncate, inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule architecture or shape;margin course;margin architecture;valve margin relief;valve margin architecture or shape;tooth density;tooth pubescence;tubercle pubescence;process pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, 5-locular, in apical view 5-angled, 5-lobed, parted between angles, in lateral view emarginate at apex, margins curved, stipitate, valve margins dark-rimmed, dentate, teeth terminated by hairy tubercles not elsewhere on fruit (H. pauciflora) or hairy processes (H. texana), denser on valves, stellate-pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;chalazal end width;end shape;end relief"><b>Seeds </b>0–8 per locule, brown, crescentiform-reniform, chalazal end wider, other end acute, large-pitted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="elaiosome prominence;elaiosome coloration">elaiosome conspicuous, white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="endosperm presence">endosperm present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="embryo course;embryo architecture">embryo curved, chlorophyllous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="">cotyledons flat, narrowly elliptic or oblongelliptic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="cotyledon shape;cotyledon shape;cotyledon shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 6.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=sw;sc United States;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);w Asia (Saudi Arabia);Africa;Australia;subtropical and tropical areas |discussion=<p>Species ca. 180 (2 in the flora area).</p><!-- --><p>Hermannia is primarily southern African, with other species found scattered outside Africa, notably former Gilesia biniflora F. Mueller from Australia, distinguished by totally free filaments. Only four species are exclusively from the Americas, found in Mexico and across its national borders. One species extends north to Arizona, and one extends north to Texas. Two are found</p><!-- --><p>outside the flora area: H. palmeri Rose from rocky granitic hillsides, sandy mesas, and coastal dunes of Baja California Sur and H. inflata Link & Otto from tropical dry deciduous forests in mountains of southern Mexico and northern Guatemala.</p><!-- --><p>I. C. Verdoorn (1980) placed the only two fringed-capsuled species in southern Africa in subg. Hermannia, the basal subgenus, and she related them to the two American species that are fringed-capsuled: H. texana (Texas and Mexico) and H. palmeri (Baja California Sur). Both species from the flora area would lie also within subg. Hermannia in her key to taxa by possession of “narrowly oblong stamen filaments with the expanded portion of the filaments overlapping the anther bases.”</p><!-- --><p>The coherence of styles and connivance of anthers at anthesis (M. Jenny 1985, 1988), nectaries (S. Vogel 2000), and ovule/seed number per carpel need further study in the field to investigate possible cryptic floral differentiation between plants of Hermannia that would indicate the initial stages of the well-developed floral and pollen distylous dimorphisms of Melochia and Waltheria.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Styles 3.9–5.8 mm; leaf blades olive, with terminal trichome at each tooth apex never simple, rather stellate or stellate-bristled and slightly exserted from stellate trichomes of tooth sides; distal petal lamina densely capitate-glandular abaxially; capsules: endocarp corneous, rigid, valve margins fringed, processes filiform, flexible, 0.9–3.2 mm; trichome rays of terminal trichome of fringe process with trichome rays ascending, fine, and only slightly firmer or slightly longer than trichome rays of hairs below process apex; seeds: elaiosome narrowly transversely rhombic. |[[Hermannia texana|Hermannia texana]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Styles 1.7–3 mm; leaf blades red to red-rimmed, with terminal trichome at each tooth apex with 1 simple thin seta or seta 2-rayed exserted to 2 times length of stellate trichomes of tooth sides; distal petal lamina subglabrous abaxially; capsules: endocarp chartaceous, slightly sclerified, flexible, valve margins tuberculate, tubercles rigid, 0.2–1.8 mm; terminal trichome of tubercle apex with trichome rays usually planar (spreading); seeds: elaiosome narrowly transversely elliptic. |[[Hermannia pauciflora|Hermannia pauciflora]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Hermannia |author=Janice G. Saunders |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Malvaceae |distribution=sw;sc United States;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);w Asia (Saudi Arabia);Africa;Australia;subtropical and tropical areas |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_370.xml |subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae |genus=Hermannia |anther arrangement=connivent |anther atypical some measurement=3.5mm;10mm |anther dehiscence=dehiscent |anther orientation=inflexed |anther shape=lanceolate |anther some measurement=2mm;3.5mm |apex architecture=twisted |apex pubescence=glabrous |apex shape=acuminate;acute;acuminate |blade shape=lobed;unlobed |capitate-glandular glandular-hair architecture=subsessile |chalazal end width=wider |cotyledon shape=oblongelliptic;elliptic;flat |elaiosome coloration=white |elaiosome prominence=conspicuous |embryo architecture=chlorophyllous |embryo course=curved |end relief=large-pitted |end shape=acute |endosperm presence=absent |filament architecture=ligulate |filament fusion=free;adnate |filament orientation=incurved |filament shape=dilated;compressed |fruits capsule architecture or shape=emarginate |fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form=5-locular |fruits capsule shape=parted;5-lobed;5-angled |gynoecium architecture=stipitate;5-carpellate;syncarpous |gynoecium shape=5-angled |hair architecture=simple |hair arrangement or shape=stellate |leaf architecture=petiolate |margin architecture=stipitate |margin architecture or shape=dentate |margin course=curved |margin shape=simple-bristled |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=5-locular |ovule orientation=amphitropous;anatropous;horizontal;ascending;amphitropous;anatropous;horizontal;ascending |ovule quantity=4;14 |process pubescence=hairy |region shape=oblong |region size=expanded |rim architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |seed coloration=brown |seed quantity=0;8 |seed shape=crescentiform-reniform |sepal arrangement=opposite |staminode presence=absent |stem pubescence=hairy |stigma architecture or shape=truncate |stigma prominence=inconspicuous;inconspicuous |stigma relief=papillate |stigma shape=filiform;1-dentate;terete |stipule architecture=foliaceous |stipule duration=deciduous |stipule shape=triangular;dimidiate-ovate;dimidiate-lanceolate |style duration=persistent |style fusion=connate |style position=exserted |style quantity=5 |style shape=filiform |tooth density=denser |tooth pubescence=stellate-pubescent |tubercle pubescence=hairy |valve margin architecture or shape=dentate |valve margin relief=dark-rimmed |whole_organism architecture=taprooted |whole_organism growth form=subshrub |whole_organism orientation=prostrate;erect |x chromosome quantity=6 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Malvaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Hermannia.