View source for Hilaria ← Hilaria You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Hilaria |accepted_authority=Kunth |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae;Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae;Hilaria |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hilaria]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 25 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 274 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial or annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism arrangement or pubescence;whole_organism growth form;species growth form;species architecture;species duration;species architecture">tufted or cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, perennial species sometimes rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>5-250 cm, erect or decumbent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="node pubescence;node pubescence">nodes usually villous or pilose, particularly the upper nodes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath pubescence;sheath pubescence;lower sheath pubescence;lower sheath pubescence;margin pubescence;margin pubescence;upper sheath pubescence;lower sheath pubescence"><b>Sheaths </b>open, glabrous or pilose, lower sheaths often glabrous basally and pilose distally, margins sometimes villous or pilose, upper sheaths often glabrous even if the lower sheaths pilose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule some measurement;ligule texture;ligule shape;ligule shape">ligules 0.5-5 mm, membranous, lacerate or ciliate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;panicle shape;branch size;branch architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, spikelike panicles of reduced, disarticulating branches, exceeding the upper leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="branch fixation or orientation;spikelet quantity;base course;base location;structure architecture or pubescence or shape;structure shape;callus some measurement;callus pubescence;distal floret position relational">branches with 3 spikelets, appressed to the rachises, bases straight, seated in a ciliate, cuplike structure, sometimes with a 0.5-2 mm callus, calluses pilose, axes not extending past the distal florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">disarticulation at the base of the branches, leaving the zigzag rachises.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="lateral spikelet architecture;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity;floret reproduction;floret architecture"><b>Lateral </b>spikelets of each branch shortly pedicellate, with 1-4 (5) sterile or staminate florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="glume architecture or shape;awn quantity">glumes almost as long as the florets, deeply cleft into 2 or more lobes, with 1 or more dorsal awns;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma coloration">lemmas membranous, hyaline.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="central spikelet architecture;floret quantity;floret architecture;floret reproduction"><b>Central </b>spikelets sessile, with 1 pistillate or bisexual floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="glume height or length or size;glume texture;glume texture;glume fusion">glumes shorter than the florets, rigid, indurate and fused basally, apices with 2 or more lobes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">lemmas membranous, awned or unawned.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma architecture or shape;lemma architecture or shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Ariz.;N.Mex.;Tex. |discussion=<p>Hilaria is a genus of 10 species that ranges from the southwestern United States to northern Guatemala, growing primarily in dry grasslands and desert areas. Most of the species are important forage species. The stoloniferous species are important soil binders.</p><!-- --><p>Hilaria is interpreted here as having two groups, the Hilaria group and the Pleuraphis group [= Pleuraphis Torr.]. These are sometimes treated as separate genera but, although they differ consistently in some morphological characters, their overall similarity is striking. One molecular study (Columbus et al. 1998, 2000) has included representatives of both groups. It showed them to be sister taxa; there seems little value in promoting each to generic rank.</p><!-- --><p>In the key and descriptions below, the term "fascicle" refers to a branch and its spikelets. Actual branch lengths are much shorter and harder to measure.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=columbus1998b |text=Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant, and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimony analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (nrDNA) sequences of Bouteloua and relatives (Graminese: Chloridoideae). Aliso 17:99-130 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=columbus2000a |text=Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, M.E. Siqueiros Delgado, and R. Cerros Tlatilpa. 2000. Homoplas, polyphyly, and generic circumscription: The demise of the Boutelouinae (Gramineae: Chloridoideae). [Abstract.] Amer. J. Bot. 87, Suppl.:120 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=sohns1956a |text=Sohns, E.R. 1956. The genus Hilaria. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 46:311-321. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Glumes thickened, indurate, and conspicuously fused at the base; central spikelets with 1 pistillate floret (Hilaria group). |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Glumes pale to purplish, those of the lateral spikelets with dark glands confined to the base or lacking, awned from below midlength |[[Hilaria belangeri|Hilaria belangeri]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Glumes gray to dark brown, those of the lateral spikelets evenly covered with dark glands, awned from above midlength |[[Hilaria swallenii|Hilaria swallenii]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Glumes papery or membranous throughout, not conspicuously fused at the base; central spikelets with 1 bisexual floret (Pleuraphis group). |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Glumes of the lateral spikelets flabellate, the awns not exceeding the apical lobes; cauline nodes usually only shortly pubescent, sometimes glabrous |[[Hilaria mutica|Hilaria mutica]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Glumes of the lateral spikelets lanceolate or parallel-sided, the awns exceeding the apical lobes; cauline nodes pilose, villous, or glabrous. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Lower cauline internodes tomentose |[[Hilaria rigida|Hilaria rigida]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Lower cauline internodes glabrous |[[Hilaria jamesii|Hilaria jamesii]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Hilaria |author=Mary E. Barkworth; |authority=Kunth |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Ariz.;N.Mex.;Tex. |reference=columbus1998b;columbus2000a;sohns1956a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25_913.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Chloridoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae |genus=Hilaria |awn quantity=1 |base course=straight |base location=seated |branch architecture=disarticulating |branch fixation or orientation=appressed |branch size=reduced |callus pubescence=pilose |callus some measurement=0.5mm;2mm |central spikelet architecture=sessile |culm orientation=decumbent;erect |culm some measurement=5cm;250cm |distal floret position relational=past |floret architecture=pistillate;staminate |floret atypical quantity=5 |floret quantity=1;1;4 |floret reproduction=bisexual;sterile |glume architecture or shape=cleft |glume fusion=fused |glume height or length or size=shorter |glume texture=indurate;rigid |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |lateral spikelet architecture=pedicellate |lemma architecture or shape=unawned;awned |lemma coloration=hyaline |lemma texture=membranous;membranous |ligule shape=ciliate;lacerate |ligule some measurement=0.5mm;5mm |ligule texture=membranous |lower sheath pubescence=pilose;pilose;glabrous |margin pubescence=pilose;villous |node pubescence=pilose;villous |panicle shape=spikelike |sheath architecture=open |sheath pubescence=pilose;glabrous |species architecture=rhizomatous;stoloniferous |species duration=perennial |species growth form=cespitose |spikelet quantity=3 |structure architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |structure shape=cuplike |upper sheath pubescence=glabrous |whole_organism arrangement or pubescence=tufted |whole_organism duration=annual;perennial |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=9 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Hilaria.