View source for Holcus ← Holcus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Holcus |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Holcus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Holcus]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 739 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually perennial, rarely annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">cespitose or rhizomatous, rarely both cespitose and rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm atypical some measurement;culm some measurement;culm pubescence;culm pubescence"><b>Culms </b>(8) 20-200 cm, glabrous or pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="node pubescence;node pubescence;node pubescence">nodes glabrous or retrorsely glabrous or puberulent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;blade pubescence">blade flat, pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence condition or size;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles, contracted to open.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="spikelet shape;floret quantity;floret atypical quantity;lower floret reproduction;upper floret architecture;upper floret reproduction"><b>Spikelets </b>laterally compressed, with 2 (3) florets, lower florets bisexual, upper floret (s) staminate or sterile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">rachillas curved below the lowest florets, sometimes prolonged beyond the base of the distal florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="rachilla course;rachilla length">disarticulation below the glumes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="glume variability;glume shape"><b>Glumes </b>equaling to exceeding the florets, strongly keeled, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="upper lemma architecture or shape;awn shape;awn shape">upper lemmas awned from below the apices, awns hooked or geniculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="palea width;palea size">paleas thin, subequal to the lemmas;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule pubescence;lodicule shape;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, glabrous, toothed or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties=""><b>Caryopses </b>shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="caryopse height or length or size;caryopse prominence;caryopse pubescence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 4, 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Del.;N.C.;Va.;D.C;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Wash.;Alta.;B.C.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Okla.;Alaska;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;N.Dak.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky. |discussion=<p>Holcus, a genus of eight species, is native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. One species, H. lanatus, has become widely naturalized in the Americas, Japan, and Hawaii; a second, H. mollis, has become a troublesome weed in some areas of the Flora region.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=carroll1962a |text=Carroll, C.P. and K. Jones. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies in Holcus: III. A morphological study of the triploid F1 hybrid between H. lanatus L. and H. mollis L. New Phytol. 61: 72-84 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=jones1958a |text=Jones, K. 1958. Cytotaxonomic studies in Holcus L.: I. The chromosome complex in Holcus mollis L. New Phytol. 57:191-210 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=jones1962a |text=Jones, K. and C.P. Carroll. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies in Holcus L.: II. Morphological relationships in H. mollis L. New Phytol. 61: 63-71 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=zandee1982a |text=Zandee, M. and P.C.G. Glas. 1982 Studies in the Holcus lanatus-Holcus mollis complex (Poaceae [= Gramineae]). Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 85:413-437. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Awns 1-2 mm long, forming a curved hook at maturity; culms densely pilose adjacent to the lower nodes; plants cespitose, not rhizomatous |[[Holcus lanatus|Holcus lanatus]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Awns 3-5 mm long, straight or geniculate at maturity; culms glabrous or sparsely pubescent adjacent to the lower nodes; plants not cespitose, rhizomatous |[[Holcus mollis|Holcus mollis]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Holcus |author=Lisa A. Standley; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Del.;N.C.;Va.;D.C;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Wash.;Alta.;B.C.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Okla.;Alaska;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;N.Dak.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky. |reference=carroll1962a;jones1958a;jones1962a;zandee1982a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_1048.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Holcus |anther quantity=3 |awn shape=geniculate;hooked |blade prominence or shape=flat |blade pubescence=pubescent |caryopse height or length or size=shorter |caryopse prominence=concealed |caryopse pubescence=glabrous |culm atypical some measurement=8 |culm pubescence=pubescent;glabrous |culm some measurement=20cm;200cm |floret atypical quantity=3 |floret quantity=2 |glume shape=keeled |glume variability=equaling |inflorescence architecture=open |inflorescence condition or size=contracted |lodicule pubescence=glabrous |lodicule quantity=2 |lodicule shape=not;toothed |lower floret reproduction=bisexual |node pubescence=puberulent;glabrous;glabrous |ovary pubescence=glabrous |palea size=subequal |palea width=thin |rachilla course=curved |rachilla length=prolonged |spikelet shape=compressed |upper floret architecture=staminate |upper floret reproduction=sterile |upper lemma architecture or shape=awned |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous;rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=annual;perennial |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose;cespitose |x chromosome quantity=7;4 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Holcus.