View source for Holosteum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Holosteum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 88. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 39. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Jagged chickweed
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae;Holosteum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Holosteum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek holos, whole or all, and osteon, bone, humorous allusion to frailty of the plant
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 4, 8, 50, 95
|treatment_page=page 94
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or winter-annual.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="taproot size"><b>Taproots </b>slender.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem shape"><b>Stems </b>ascending to erect, simple or branched, terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf fusion;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>forming basal rosette, connate proximally into sheath, petiolate (proximal leaves) or sessile (cauline leaves);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade texture;apex shape">blade 1-veined, oblanceolate to spatulate (proximal leaves) or elliptic to ovate (cauline leaves), somewhat succulent, apex acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;cyme architecture;individual life cycle;bract quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, umbellate cymes, sometimes not yet developed in young individuals, then with 2–4 bracts and often buds at base of pedicel;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract arrangement or growth form;bract architecture;margin texture;margin texture">bracts clustered, foliaceous with scarious margins to entirely scarious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel orientation;pedicel orientation"><b>Pedicels </b>reflexed after flowering, erect in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual or occasionally unisexual and pistillate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium hypogynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;sepal growth form or texture;margin coloration;margin texture;apex shape;apex architecture">sepals 5, distinct, green, lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–4.5 mm, herbaceous, margins white, scarious, apex acute to obtuse, not hooded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal shape;blade apex shape;blade apex shape">petals 5, white to pink, clawed, blade apex jagged but not 2-fid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectary prominence">nectaries not apparent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen orientation">stamens 3–5, arising from base of ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="filament fusion">filaments distinct nearly to base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style atypical quantity;style quantity;style shape;style some measurement;style pubescence">styles 3 (–5), clavate to filiform, 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma atypical quantity;stigma quantity;stigma position;stigma arrangement or course or shape;stigma relief;stigma quantity">stigmas 3 (–5), subterminal to linear along adaxial surface of styles, minutely papillate (50×).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="capsule shape;tooth quantity;tooth shape or vernation"><b>Capsules </b>ovoid to cylindric, opening by 6 (rarely 8 or 10) revolute teeth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="carpophore presence">carpophore absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed relief;marginal wing presence;appendage presence"><b>Seeds </b>35–60, orange to brown, oblong, shield-shaped, dorsiventrally compressed, papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="">embryo central, straight.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="embryo position;embryo course;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe (e Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);Africa (s to Ethiopia);in South America (Argentina);w Europe;Africa (Republic of South Africa)
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 3–4 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=shinners1965a
|text=Shinners, L. H. 1965. Holosteum umbellatum (Caryophyllaceae) in the United States: Population explosion and fractionated suicide. Sida 2: 119–128.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Holosteum
|author=Richard K. Rabeler;Ronald L. Hartman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Europe (e Mediterranean region);c;sw Asia;Africa (Mediterranean region);Africa (s to Ethiopia);in South America (Argentina);w Europe;Africa (Republic of South Africa)
|introduced=true
|reference=shinners1965a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V5/V5_197.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Alsinoideae
|genus=Holosteum
|androecium position=hypogynous
|apex architecture=not hooded
|apex shape=acute;obtuse
|appendage presence=absent
|blade apex shape=not 2-fid;jagged
|blade architecture=1-veined
|blade shape=oblanceolate;spatulate or elliptic
|blade texture=succulent
|bract architecture=foliaceous
|bract arrangement or growth form=clustered
|bract quantity=2;4
|capsule shape=ovoid;cylindric
|carpophore presence=absent
|cyme architecture=umbellate
|embryo course=straight
|embryo position=central
|filament fusion=distinct
|flower architecture=pistillate
|flower reproduction=unisexual;bisexual
|individual life cycle=young
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf fusion=connate
|margin coloration=white
|margin texture=scarious;scarious;scarious
|marginal wing presence=absent
|nectary prominence=not apparent
|pedicel orientation=erect;reflexed
|perianth position=hypogynous
|petal coloration=white;pink
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=clawed
|seed coloration=orange;brown
|seed quantity=35;60
|seed relief=papillate
|seed shape=compressed;shield--shaped;oblong
|sepal coloration=green
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal growth form or texture=herbaceous
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=lanceolate;ovate
|sepal some measurement=2.5mm;4.5mm
|stamen orientation=arising
|stamen quantity=3;5
|staminode presence=absent
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem shape=terete
|stigma arrangement or course or shape=linear
|stigma atypical quantity=3;5
|stigma position=subterminal
|stigma quantity=[50;3
|stigma relief=papillate
|style atypical quantity=3;5
|style pubescence=glabrous
|style quantity=3
|style shape=clavate;filiform
|style some measurement=0.5mm;1.5mm
|taproot size=slender
|tooth quantity=6
|tooth shape or vernation=revolute
|whole_organism duration=winter-annual;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=10
}}<!--

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