View source for Hosta

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hosta
|accepted_authority=Trattinnick
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Arch. Gewächsk.
|place=1: 55, plate 89. 1811
|year=1811
}}
|common_names=Plantain-lily;funkia
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Funkia
|authority=Sprengel
|rank=genus
|publication_title=Niobe Salisbury
|publication_place=
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Hosta
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hosta]]</div></div>
|etymology=for Nicolaus Thomas Host, 1761–1834, Austrian botanist and physician to Emperor Frances II
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 21, 51, 53, 57, 223
|treatment_page=page 222
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;clump shape"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, scapose, forming dome-shaped clumps, from rhizomes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome height or length or size;rhizome architecture;rhizome architecture;leaf-scar prominence">rhizomes short, branching, sometimes stoloniferous, leaf-scars prominent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="root texture">roots fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf quantity;basal leaf arrangement or course;basal leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>numerous, basal, spiral, distinctly petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole architecture;petiole shape;petiole shape">petiole sulcate, terete, sometimes ridged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade coloration;blade coloration;blade shape;blade relief;margin architecture or shape;margin shape">blade light to dark green, often variegated, cordate to orbiculate to lanceolate, smooth to puckered, margins entire, slightly undulate [flat or crisped];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="vein architecture;vein prominence;vein prominence;vein prominence">veins campylodromous, conspicuous, usually sunken adaxially, prominent abaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties=""><b>Scape </b>usually surpassing leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence shape;bract quantity;flower architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>simple, terminal, racemose, usually subsecund, elongate, subtended proximally by 1 or more sterile bracts, each flower usually bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth shape"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth tubular to campanulate or urceolate-cylindric [funnelform];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal quantity;tepal fusion;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tube architecture;marking coloration;lobe orientation;lobe orientation;lobe length or size">tepals 6, similar, connate proximally into wide-throated tube, white, bluish purple, or purplish violet with darker markings or lines, lobes spreading, sometimes recurved, longer than perianth-tube;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth-tube or ovary apex, exceeding tepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament orientation">filaments declinate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther fixation;anther dehiscence">anthers dorsifixed in connective pits, dehiscence introrse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary shape;septal nectary presence">ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, oblong, septal nectaries present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style shape">style filiform, exceeding stamens;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma size;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma minute, capitate or 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pedicel height or length or size">pedicel short.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit orientation;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, pendent at maturity, angled, elongate or triangular, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>numerous, black, flattened, winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 30.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=temperate e Asia;especially Japan;cultivated worldwide
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 40 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Hosta species delimitation has been problematic due to a long history of cultivation, hybridization, and selection, particularly in Japan, from the eighth century onwards (W. G. Schmid 1991). Hosta nomenclature is further complicated because many names are based on types of garden origin or sports originating among wild populations. Earlier taxonomic treatments were largely based on materials cultivated regionally in Japan (N. Fujita 1976), North America (L. H. Bailey 1930), Korea (M. G. Chung 1990; M. G. Chung and J. W. Kim 1991), and Europe (N. Hylander 1954). Hosta can be considered to comprise as few as 23–26 species (F. Maekawa and K. Kaneko 1968; N. Fujita 1976), or 40 or more if a stricter species concept is applied (A. Huxley et al. 1992; F. Maekawa 1940; W. G. Schmid 1991).</p><!--
--><p>Well over 1000 cultivars have been recorded with the International Registration Authority. Primarily used in temperate shade gardens, these cultivars feature various combinations of leaf size, shape, color, variegation, and texture (P. Aden 1988; D. Grenfell 1996, 1998; N. Hylander 1954; K. Kubitzki 1998b; W. G. Schmid 1991). While Hosta is mainly of ornamental importance economically, the leaves of some species are cooked and eaten in Korea and Japan, thus depleting local populations.</p><!--
--><p>Funkia, a later generic name proposed by Sprengel for these plants, is an illegitimate later homonym of Funckia Wildenow, and the family name Funkiaceae based upon it is therefore invalid (B. Mathew 1988). However, “funkia,” from the vernacular Japanese fukurin fu, long ago passed into many European languages as another common name for Hosta.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades light yellowish green; flowers fragrant, to 13 cm, perianth long-tubular; tepals white.
|[[Hosta plantaginea|Hosta plantaginea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades green; flowers not fragrant, 4–5.5 cm, perianth tubular-campanulate or urceolate-cylindric; tepals bluish purple or purplish violet.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Scape 40–50 cm; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 10–17 × 5–7.5 cm, with 5–6 lateral vein pairs; tepals purplish violet; anthers purple.
|[[Hosta lancifolia|Hosta lancifolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Scape 80–95 cm; leaf blades broadly ovate to cordate, 20–30 × 15–20 cm, with 7–9 lateral vein pairs; tepals bluish purple; anthers spotted purple.
|[[Hosta ventricosa|Hosta ventricosa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hosta
|author=Frederick H. Utech
|authority=Trattinnick
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Funkia
|family=Liliaceae
|distribution=temperate e Asia;especially Japan;cultivated worldwide
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Arch. Gewächsk.
|publication year=1811
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_389.xml
|genus=Hosta
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|anther fixation=dorsifixed
|basal leaf architecture=petiolate
|basal leaf arrangement or course=spiral
|blade coloration=variegated;light;dark green
|blade relief=smooth;puckered
|blade shape=cordate;orbiculate
|bract quantity=1
|clump shape=dome--shaped
|filament orientation=declinate
|flower architecture=bracteate
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit orientation=pendent
|fruit shape=triangular;elongate;angled
|inflorescence architecture=simple
|inflorescence arrangement=subsecund;racemose
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|inflorescence shape=elongate
|leaf quantity=numerous
|leaf-scar prominence=prominent
|lobe length or size=longer
|lobe orientation=recurved;spreading
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=undulate
|marking coloration=darker
|ovary architecture=sessile
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary position=superior
|ovary shape=oblong
|pedicel height or length or size=short
|perianth shape=tubular;campanulate or urceolate-cylindric
|petiole architecture=sulcate
|petiole shape=ridged;terete
|rhizome architecture=stoloniferous;branching
|rhizome height or length or size=short
|root texture=fleshy
|seed architecture=winged
|seed coloration=black
|seed quantity=numerous
|seed shape=flattened
|septal nectary presence=absent
|stamen quantity=6
|stigma shape=3-lobed;capitate
|stigma size=minute
|style shape=filiform
|tepal coloration=purplish violet;bluish purple;purplish violet;bluish purple;white
|tepal fusion=connate
|tepal quantity=6
|tube architecture=wide-throated
|vein architecture=campylodromous
|vein prominence=prominent;sunken;conspicuous
|whole_organism architecture=scapose
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=30
}}<!--

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