View source for Hydrastis ← Hydrastis You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Hydrastis |accepted_authority=J. Ellis in C. Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Syst. Nat. ed. |place=10, 2: 1088. 1759 |year=1759 }} |common_names=Goldenseal;orangeroot;yellow-puccoon;sceau d'or |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Hydrastis |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hydrastis]]</div></div> |etymology=referring to superficial resemblance to some species of Hydrophyllum |volume=Volume 3 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;rhizome growth form or orientation;rhizome coloration;rhizome width"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from creeping, yellow, thick rhizomes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline, simple, petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="cauline leaf arrangement">cauline leaves alternate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade palmately 3-9-lobed [variously divided], broadly cordate-orbiculate, margins serrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, solitary flowers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;fruit quantity">sepals not persistent in fruit, 3, greenish white to creamy white, plane, ovate, oval, or elliptic, 3.5-7 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal presence">petals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 50-75;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament shape">filaments abruptly narrowed near apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils 5-15, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 2 per ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style height or length or size">style short.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruits berry architecture;fruits berry architecture;fruits berry shape;side architecture"><b>Fruits </b>berries, aggregate, sessile, spheric, sides not veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="beak position or structure subtype;beak course;beak some measurement">beak terminal, ± straight, 0.6-1 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>black, ellipsoid, smooth, lustrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;seed reflectance;x chromosome quantity">x = 13.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan) |discussion=<p>Species 2 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Many classifications have included Hydrastis within Ranunculaceae (A. Cronquist 1981; W. C. Gregory 1941; O. F. Langlet 1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent workers (H. Tobe and R. C. Keating 1985; A. L. Takhtajan 1987), however, have assigned Hydrastis to its own family, intermediate between Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. Phylogenetic studies by S. B. Hoot (1991) confirmed the isolated position of Hydrastis and suggested that characteristics such as the following justify its exclusion from Ranunculaceae: undifferentiated mesophyll, xylem straight (instead of V-shaped) in cross section, scalariform perforations in the vessels, micropyle defined by two integuments, pollen with a distinct striate-reticulate tectum, and a base chromosome number of x = 13 (as opposed to 6, 7, 8, or 9).</p><!-- --><p>C. S. Keener (1993) challenged these conclusions, stating that features such as scalariform perforations in vessels, striate-reticulate pollen, and the micropyle defined by two integuments are found in other genera within Ranunculaceae. Only straight xylem in cross section and the base chromosome number are distinctive. Whether these features warrant segregation of Hydrastis into its own family is debatable. Decisions involving the circumscription of this genus await a molecular study involving Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and related families.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Hydrastis |author=Bruce A. Ford |authority=J. Ellis in C. Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Ranunculaceae |distribution=e North America;Asia (Japan) |reference=None |publication title=Syst. Nat. ed. |publication year=1759 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_496.xml |genus=Hydrastis |beak course=straight |beak position or structure subtype=terminal |beak some measurement=0.6mm;1mm |bract presence=absent |cauline leaf arrangement=alternate |filament shape=narrowed |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |flower architecture or shape=symmetric |flower reproduction=bisexual |fruit quantity=3 |fruits berry architecture=sessile;aggregate |fruits berry shape=spheric |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |leaf architecture=petiolate;simple |leaf position=cauline;basal |leaf-blade shape=cordate-orbiculate;3-9-lobed |margin architecture or shape=serrate |ovule quantity=2 |petal presence=absent |pistil architecture=simple |pistil quantity=5;15 |rhizome coloration=yellow |rhizome growth form or orientation=creeping |rhizome width=thick |seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |seed coloration=black |seed reflectance=lustrous |seed shape=ellipsoid |sepal coloration=greenish white;creamy white |sepal duration=not persistent |sepal shape=elliptic;oval;elliptic;oval;ovate;plane |sepal some measurement=3.5mm;7mm |side architecture=not veined |stamen quantity=50;75 |staminode presence=absent |style height or length or size=short |whole_organism duration=perennial |whole_organism growth form=herb |x chromosome quantity=13 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Ranunculaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Hydrastis.