View source for Hygroamblystegium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hygroamblystegium
|accepted_authority=Loeske
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Moosfl. Harz.,
|place=298. 1903
|year=1903
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Amblystegiaceae;Hygroamblystegium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Amblystegiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hygroamblystegium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek hygros, wet, and genus Amblystegium
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 263, 264, 266, 290, 301, 304, 653, 654
|treatment_page=page 302
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>small to large, yellow to dark green or blackish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>irregularly and often freely branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="hyalodermi presence;central strand presence">hyalodermis absent, central strand usually present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="paraphyllium presence;paraphyllium shape">paraphyllia often present, ± lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="rhizoid architecture;rhizoid architecture or pubescence or relief">rhizoids on stem, never from abaxial costa surface, often forming tomentum, sparsely branched, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="axillary hair development;axillary hair quantity;axillary hair size;axillary hair fragility;axillary hair count or density;distal cell quantity;distal cell quantity;distal cell coloration">axillary hairs well developed and many, or small, delicate, sparse, distal cells 1 or 2, hyaline.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="stem orientation;stem arrangement;stem shape;stem shape;stem architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;stem some measurement;branch leaf orientation;branch leaf arrangement;branch leaf shape;branch leaf shape;branch leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;branch leaf some measurement"><b>Stem </b>and branch leaves erect, not or slightly falcate-secund, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, rarely broadly ovate, not plicate, to or longer than 1 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="base shape">base not decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;limbidium presence">margins plane, entire to denticulate, limbidia absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;acumen shape;acumen architecture">apex gradually acuminate, acute, or obtuse, acumen plane or furrowed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">costa single, ending mid leaf to excurrent, broad, often curved beyond mid leaf;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="costa quantity;costa architecture;costa width;costa course;cell variability;cell shape;cell shape;cell coloration;wall width;wall size;leaf life cycle;region prominence;region shape">alar cells not or poorly differentiated, rectangular to quadrate, not or slightly inflated, green to brownish orange, walls thin or slightly incrassate in mature leaves, region indistinct, ovate, along basal margins;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">medial laminal cells rhombic to oblong-hexagonal, (9–) 13–65 (–67) µm, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell atypical some measurement;medial laminal cell atypical some measurement;medial laminal cell some measurement;medial laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief;medial laminal cell reproduction;medial laminal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition autoicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule course or shape"><b>Capsule </b>inclined, cylindric to oblong-cylindric, arcuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="peristome architecture">peristome perfect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="exostome tooth architecture">exostome teeth bordered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="endostome cilium shape;endostome cilium architecture">endostome cilia in groups of 1–3, nodulose to appendiculate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="spore some measurement"><b>Spores </b>12–45 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Antarctica
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>Hygroamblystegium is morphologically highly variable; conflicting taxonomic treatments arose from different interpretations of character significance. The species is mostly aquatic to subaquatic; a substantial proportion of the morphological variation is purely plastic. None of the species form monophyletic groups in molecular phylogenetic analyses. All exhibit various ploidy levels, and Hygroamblystegium can be compared to a complex of agamospermous vascular plants, where the wide range of genetic variability within apparent species of polyphyletic origin are retained in the face of fast and independent evolution of polyploid genomes, unlikely to be associated with any pattern of morphological variation. All species names previously recognized in the flora area are considered here as synonyms of H. varium. Some traits are indicative of habitat conditions. Although plants with convergent morphologies do not form monophyletic lineages and should thus not be given species status, their recognition at an infra-specific level is supported ecologically. These infra-specific taxa correspond to terrestrial plants of wet meadows, fens, and marshes (var. humile), and aquatic plants of oligotrophic, calcareous springs, which, owing to their endemic occurrence in North America, may be recognized at the subspecies level, namely subsp. noterophilum. Although phylogenetically unrelated, Hygroamblystegium sometimes bears strong resemblance to Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedwig) Spruce. The best example of this convergence has been called H. tenax var. spinifolium (Schimper) Jennings, a morphologically well-characterized taxon of large plants with long-excurrent, thick costae. Despite the lack of inflated, hyaline alar cells and the strictly straight leaves, this is an aquatic expression of C. filicinum in oligotrophic, calcareous spring areas.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hygroamblystegium
|author=Alain Vanderpoorten
|authority=Loeske
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Amblystegiaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Antarctica
|reference=None
|publication title=Moosfl. Harz.,
|publication year=1903
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_471.xml
|genus=Hygroamblystegium
|acumen architecture=furrowed
|acumen shape=plane
|apex shape=obtuse;acute;obtuse;acute;acuminate
|axillary hair count or density=sparse
|axillary hair development=developed
|axillary hair fragility=delicate
|axillary hair quantity=many
|axillary hair size=small
|base shape=not decurrent
|branch leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=not plicate
|branch leaf arrangement=falcate-secund
|branch leaf orientation=erect
|branch leaf shape=ovate;oblong-lanceolate;oblong-ovate
|branch leaf some measurement=1
|capsule course or shape=arcuate
|capsule orientation=inclined
|capsule shape=cylindric;oblong-cylindric
|cell coloration=green;brownish orange
|cell shape=inflated;rectangular;quadrate
|cell variability=differentiated
|central strand presence=absent
|costa architecture=excurrent
|costa course=curved
|costa quantity=single
|costa width=broad
|distal cell coloration=hyaline
|distal cell quantity=2;1
|endostome cilium architecture=appendiculate
|endostome cilium shape=nodulose
|exostome tooth architecture=bordered
|hyalodermi presence=absent
|leaf life cycle=mature
|limbidium presence=absent
|margin shape=entire;denticulate
|medial laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|medial laminal cell atypical some measurement=65um;67um
|medial laminal cell reproduction=autoicous;sexual
|medial laminal cell shape=rhombic;oblong-hexagonal
|medial laminal cell some measurement=13um;65um
|paraphyllium presence=absent
|paraphyllium shape=lanceolate
|peristome architecture=perfect
|region prominence=indistinct
|region shape=ovate
|rhizoid architecture=branched
|rhizoid architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|spore some measurement=12um;45um
|stem architecture=branched
|stem architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=not plicate
|stem arrangement=falcate-secund
|stem orientation=erect
|stem shape=ovate;oblong-lanceolate;oblong-ovate
|stem some measurement=1
|wall size=incrassate
|wall width=thin
|whole_organism coloration=yellow;dark green or blackish
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism size=small;large
}}<!--

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