View source for Ixophorus ← Ixophorus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Ixophorus |accepted_authority=Schltdl. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Paniceae;Ixophorus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Paniceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ixophorus]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 25 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 537 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annuals or short-lived perennials;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="plants annual arrangement or pubescence;plants perennial duration;plants perennial arrangement or pubescence">tufted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm height;culm thickness;culm texture;culm texture;culm architecture;culm pubescence"><b>Culms </b>15-150 cm tall, 1-10 mm thick, dry to somewhat succulent, longitudinally grooved, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement or course or shape;leaf vernation"><b>Leaves </b>linear, vernation conduplicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath pubescence;sheath shape;sheath coloration">sheaths open, glabrous, compressed laterally, often purple-streaked at the base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules membranous, long-ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;midvein coloration;adaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface position or shape;adaxial surface pubescence;margin pubescence">blades flat, midvein often white, adaxial surfaces minutely pubescent immediately distal to the ligule, glabrous elsewhere, margins strigillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;panicle shape"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, open, pyramidal panicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="rachis relief;primary branch quantity;primary branch arrangement;primary branch shape">rachises scabridulous, bearing 4-50 alternate, spikelike primary branches;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="primary branch some measurement;primary branch course;axis relief;abaxial row quantity">primary branches to 7 cm, flexuous, axes scabridulous, bearing spikelets in 2 abaxial rows;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel some measurement;pedicel shape;bristle quantity;bristle architecture or pubescence or relief;bristle shape">pedicels shorter than 1 mm, cuplike, each with a single, smooth (occasionally scabridulous), terete bristle;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">bristles 4-12 mm, pale-brown to black;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="bristle some measurement;bristle coloration">disarticulation below the glumes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="spikelet shape;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>dorsally compressed, with 2 florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="lower floret architecture">lower florets staminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="upper floret architecture">upper florets pistillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="lower glume quantity;lower glume shape;lower glume architecture"><b>Lower </b>glumes 1/4 - 1/3 as long as the upper glumes, orbicular to triangular, 3-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="upper glume height or length or size;upper glume coloration;upper glume coloration;upper glume architecture;upper glume shape">upper glumes slightly shorter than the lower lemmas, often purple or green, 11-veined, acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lower lemma architecture;lower lemma shape">lower lemmas 5-veined, acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="lower palea coloration;lower palea size;lower palea texture;lower palea width;lower palea fragility;lower palea width;upper floret architecture or fixation">lower paleas hyaline, about as long as the upper glumes, accrescent, thinly membranous at anthesis, becoming thicker and stiffer and about 3 times as wide as the lemma in fruit, keels clasping the upper floret at maturity;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="anther quantity;anther some measurement;anther coloration">anthers 3, about 2 mm, orange;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="upper lemma shape;upper lemma texture;upper lemma relief;upper lemma relief;flap prominence;flap character">upper lemmas dorsally compressed, indurate, rugose, papillate, bases with a prominent germination flap, margins enclosing the edges of the upper paleas;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="upper palea prominence or shape;upper palea texture;upper palea relief">upper paleas flat, indurate, papillate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="stigma coloration;stigma shape">stigmas bright red, plumose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="caryopsis shape;caryopsis shape;caryopsis shape"><b>Caryopses </b>oblong obtuse, dorsally compressed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="">embryos about 1/3 as long as the caryopses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="embryo quantity">x = unknown.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Tex. |discussion=<p>Ixophorus is native from central Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is treated here as consisting of a single species, but it has been treated in the past as having as many as three species. These, however, intergrade morphologically with respect to all the characters used to distinguish them (Hiser 2002).</p><!-- --><p>Schlechtendal (1861-1862), in his description of the genus, states that the inflorescence is sticky, but the bristles of living plants, although somewhat lustrous, do not appear to be viscid.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=clifford1996a |text=Clifford, H.T. 1996. Etymological Dictionary of Grasses, Version 1.0 (CD-ROM). Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification, Amsterdam, The Netherlands }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=hiser2002a |text=Hiser, K.M. 2002. Phylogenetic placement, inflorescence development, and taxonomy of the genus Ixopborus (Panicoideae: Poaceae). Master's thesis. University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. 88 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=hitchcock1919a |text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1919. History of the Mexican grass, Ixopborus unisetus. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9:546-551 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=schlechtendal1861a |text=Schlechtendal, D.F.L. 1861-1862. Ueber Setaria P.B. Linnaea 31:387-509 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=scribner1897a |text=Scribner, F.L. 1897. Studies on American grasses: I. The genus Ixopborus. Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 41:5-7, 40, pi. 1-2. }} }}<!-- --><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Ixophorus |author=Ken M. Hiser; |authority=Schltdl. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Tex. |reference=clifford1996a;hiser2002a;hitchcock1919a;schlechtendal1861a;scribner1897a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25_1383.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Paniceae |genus=Ixophorus |abaxial row quantity=2 |adaxial surface position or shape=distal |adaxial surface pubescence=glabrous;pubescent |anther coloration=orange |anther quantity=3 |anther some measurement=2 |axis relief=scabridulous |blade prominence or shape=flat |bristle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |bristle coloration=pale-brown;black |bristle quantity=single |bristle shape=terete |bristle some measurement=4mm;12mm |caryopsis shape=compressed;obtuse;oblong |culm architecture=grooved |culm height=15cm;150cm |culm pubescence=glabrous |culm texture=succulent;dry to somewhat |culm thickness=1mm;10mm |embryo quantity=1/3 |flap character=germination |flap prominence=prominent |floret quantity=2 |inflorescence architecture=open |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |leaf arrangement or course or shape=linear |leaf vernation=conduplicate |ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=long-ciliate |ligule texture=membranous |lower floret architecture=staminate |lower glume architecture=3-veined |lower glume quantity=1/4;1/3 |lower glume shape=orbicular;triangular |lower lemma architecture=5-veined |lower lemma shape=acute |lower palea coloration=hyaline |lower palea fragility=stiffer |lower palea size=accrescent |lower palea texture=membranous |lower palea width=3 times as wide as the lemma;thicker |margin pubescence=strigillose |midvein coloration=white |panicle shape=pyramidal |pedicel shape=cuplike |pedicel some measurement=1 |plants annual arrangement or pubescence=tufted |plants perennial arrangement or pubescence=tufted |plants perennial duration=short-lived |primary branch arrangement=alternate |primary branch course=flexuous |primary branch quantity=4;50 |primary branch shape=spikelike |primary branch some measurement=0cm;7cm |rachis relief=scabridulous |sheath architecture=open |sheath coloration=purple-streaked |sheath pubescence=glabrous |sheath shape=compressed |spikelet shape=compressed |stigma coloration=bright red |stigma shape=plumose |upper floret architecture=pistillate |upper floret architecture or fixation=clasping |upper glume architecture=11-veined |upper glume coloration=green;purple |upper glume height or length or size=slightly shorter |upper glume shape=acute |upper lemma relief=papillate;rugose |upper lemma shape=compressed |upper lemma texture=indurate |upper palea prominence or shape=flat |upper palea relief=papillate |upper palea texture=indurate }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Paniceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Ixophorus.