View source for Jarava ← Jarava You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Jarava |accepted_authority=Ruiz & Pav. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Stipeae;Jarava |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Stipeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Jarava]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 178 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;base shape">cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rhizomes forming knotted bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Culms </b>15-200 cm, not branching at the upper nodes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm architecture;culm position;culm position;culm position;culm position">basal branching intravaginal or extravaginal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="prophyll prominence;prophyll height or length or size">prophylls not evident, shorter than the leaf-sheaths.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>mostly basal, not overwintering;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sheath architecture">sheaths open to the base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="cleistogene presence">cleistogenes not present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">collars with tufts of hair on either side;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or shape;ligule height or length;ligule shape;edge architecture or pubescence or shape;hair length or size;outer edge length or size;central portion texture;ligule pubescence;ligule pubescence;ligule pubescence;ligule pubescence;ligule pubescence">ligules membranous, truncate or shortest in the center and rounded, edges usually ciliate, hairs at the outer edges often longer than the central membranous portion, ligules of the lower leaves glabrous or hairy, sometimes densely hairy, those of the upper leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="blade arrangement or shape;apex shape;leaf some measurement">blades usually convolute, apices narrowly pointed, flag leaves longer than 10 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>panicles, often partially included in the upper leaf-sheath;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="branch course">branches straight.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spikelet some measurement;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>5.5-24 mm, with 1 floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="">rachillas not prolonged beyond the floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="rachilla length">disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the floret.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="glume size;glume length or size;glume height or length or size;glume coloration;glume architecture"><b>Glumes </b>unequal, usually longer than the floret, sometimes shorter, hyaline, 0-5-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="floret shape;floret shape">florets narrowly lanceoloid, terete;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="callus atypical some measurement;callus some measurement;callus shape;callus pubescence;floret variability;floret character;hair coloration">calluses 0.2-1.6 (3) mm, acute, less than or equaling the floret diameter, antrorsely strigose distally, hairs white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma position;lemma quantity;lemma pubescence;lemma pubescence;lemma position or shape;lemma quantity;lemma orientation;lemma arrangement;lemma some measurement;lemma pubescence;lemma pubescence;hair fixation or orientation;hair some measurement;margin arrangement;apex fusion;lobe some measurement;terminal awn quantity;awn-lemma junction prominence">lemmas thickly membranous, basal 2/3 scabrous or shortly pubescent, distal 1/3 often bearing a pappus of ascending to strongly divergent 3-8 mm hairs, sometimes glabrous or with appressed hairs shorter than 1 mm, margins not or only slightly overlapping at maturity, apices not fused into a crown, lobes to 0.2 mm, with a single, terminal awn, awn-lemma junction conspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="awn atypical some measurement;awn some measurement;awn duration;awn duration;awn pubescence or relief;awn size or quantity;awn size or quantity;awn pubescence;awn pubescence;terminal segment pubescence;terminal segment pubescence;terminal segment architecture or pubescence or relief;terminal segment pubescence or relief">awns 9-45 (80) mm, persistent or deciduous, scabrous, weakly once or twice-geniculate, first segment scabrous or pilose, terminal segment glabrous or pilose, smooth or scabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="palea quantity;palea prominence or shape;palea texture;palea coloration;palea pubescence;palea pubescence;palea architecture;vein development;apex shape;apex architecture or course">paleas 1/3 - 1/2 as long as the lemmas, flat between the veins, membranous to hyaline, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, 2-veined, veins poorly developed, apices rounded to irregular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule presence;lodicule size">lodicules 2-3, the third, if present, reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="caryopse shape;caryopse architecture or shape"><b>Caryopses </b>fusiform, not ribbed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="hilum arrangement or course or shape">hila linear, x = unknown.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Calif. |discussion=<p>Jarava is a South American genus that used to be included in Stipa. Its limits are currently under study. As treated here, it is a genus of approximately 50 species, all of which are native to South America. It includes three groups that have been recognized as subgenera within Stipa sensu lato: Jarava (Ruiz. & Pav.) Trin. & Rupr., Pappostipa Speg., and Ptilostipa Speg. Jacobs and Everett (1997) recommended including only the approximately 14 species of Stipa subg. Jarava in Jarava. This treatment adopts a somewhat broader interpretation and includes the members of the other two subgenera, pending more detailed study of relationships among the American Stipeae. In this respect, the treatment presented here conforms with the treatment by Pefiailillo (2002); it differs in excluding Achnatberum and Amelichloa.</p><!-- --><p>One species of the Pappostipa group, Jarava speciosa, grows as a disjunct in the southwestern United States, its broadest distribution being in South America. Two other species, /. ichu and /. plumosa, both members of Jarava sensu stricto, have been found as escapes from cultivation in California.</p><!-- --><p>Many species of Jarava have conspicuous hairs on the distal portion of the lemma, termed a pappus, or on the first and/or second segment of the awn. These are an adaptation to wind dispersal. Jarava sensu stricto shows an even stronger adaptation to wind dispersal, usually combining a well-developed pappus with light florets less than 5 mm long and 1 mm wide.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=arriaga1983a |text=Arriaga, M.O. 1983. Anatomia foliar de las especies de Stipa del subgenera Pappostipa (Stipeae-Poaceae) de Argentina. Revista Mus. Argent. Ci. Nat., Bernardino Rivadavia Inst. Nac. Invest. Ci. Nat., Bot. 6:89-141 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=caro1973a |text=Caro, J.A. and E. Sanchez. 1973. Las especies de Stipa (Gramineae) del subgenera Jarava. Kurtziana 7:61-116 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=jacobs1997a |text=Jacobs, S.W.L. and J. Everett. 1997. Jarava plumosa (Gramineae), a new combination for the species formerly known as Stipa papposa. Telopea 7:301-302 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=matthei1965a |text=Matthei, O. 1965. Estudio critico de las gramineas del genero Stipa en Chile. Gayana, Bot. 13:1-137 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=pefiailillo2002a |text=Pefiailillo, P. 2002. El genero jarava Ruiz et Pavon (Stipeae-Poaceae): Delimitacion y nuevas combina-ciones. Gayana, Bot. 59:27-34. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Awns 35-80 cm long, the basal segment pilose; ligules of the basal leaves softly and densely hairy |[[Jarava speciosa|Jarava speciosa]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Awns 9-30 mm long, the basal segment scabridulous or smooth; ligules of the basal leaves glabrous or almost so. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Glumes clearly exceeding the florets; pappus hairs 3-4 mm long |[[Jarava ichu|Jarava ichu]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Glumes from shorter than to subequal to the florets; pappus hairs 5-8 mm long |[[Jarava plumosa|Jarava plumosa]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Jarava |author=Mirta O. Arriaga; |authority=Ruiz & Pav. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Calif. |reference=arriaga1983a;caro1973a;jacobs1997a;matthei1965a;pefiailillo2002a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_245.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Stipeae |genus=Jarava |anther quantity=3 |apex architecture or course=irregular |apex fusion=not fused |apex shape=rounded;pointed |auricle presence=absent |awn atypical some measurement=80 |awn duration=deciduous;persistent |awn pubescence=pilose;scabrous |awn pubescence or relief=scabrous |awn size or quantity=2 times-geniculate first segment;2 times-geniculate first segment |awn some measurement=9mm;45mm |awn-lemma junction prominence=conspicuous |base shape=knotted |blade arrangement or shape=convolute |branch course=straight |callus atypical some measurement=3 |callus pubescence=strigose |callus shape=acute |callus some measurement=0.2mm;1.6mm |caryopse architecture or shape=not ribbed |caryopse shape=fusiform |central portion texture=membranous |cleistogene presence=not absent |culm architecture=not branching |culm position=extravaginal;intravaginal;branching;basal |culm some measurement=15cm;200cm |edge architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |floret character=diameter |floret quantity=1 |floret shape=terete;lanceoloid |floret variability=equaling |glume architecture=0-5-veined |glume coloration=hyaline |glume height or length or size=shorter |glume length or size=usually longer |glume size=unequal |hair coloration=white |hair fixation or orientation=appressed |hair length or size=often longer |hair some measurement=1 |hilum arrangement or course or shape=linear |leaf duration=not overwintering |leaf position=basal |leaf some measurement=10 |lemma arrangement=divergent |lemma orientation=ascending |lemma position=basal |lemma position or shape=distal |lemma pubescence=with appressed hairs;glabrous;pubescent;scabrous |lemma quantity=1/3;2/3 |lemma some measurement=3mm;8mm |lemma texture=membranous |ligule architecture or shape=truncate |ligule height or length=shortest |ligule pubescence=hairy;glabrous;hairy;hairy;glabrous |ligule shape=rounded |ligule texture=membranous |lobe some measurement=0mm;0.2mm |lodicule presence=absent |lodicule quantity=2;3 |lodicule size=reduced |margin arrangement=overlapping |outer edge length or size=often longer |palea architecture=2-veined |palea coloration=hyaline |palea prominence or shape=flat |palea pubescence=pubescent;glabrous |palea quantity=1/3;1/2 |palea texture=membranous |prophyll height or length or size=shorter |prophyll prominence=not evident |rachilla length=not prolonged |sheath architecture=open |spikelet some measurement=5.5mm;24mm |terminal awn quantity=single |terminal segment architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |terminal segment pubescence=pilose;glabrous |terminal segment pubescence or relief=scabrous |vein development=developed |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Stipeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Jarava.