View source for Juncus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Juncus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 325. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 152, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Rush;jonc
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Juncaceae;Juncus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Juncaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Juncus]]</div></div>
|etymology=classical name for the genus
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm shape;culm shape"><b>Culms </b>round or flattened in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Cataphylls </b>often present at culm base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath architecture"><b>Leaves:</b> sheaths open;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade architecture;margin shape or vernation">blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;branch arrangement;head quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1–many heads in racemes or panicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bracteole quantity;bracteole presence">bracteoles 2 or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tepal atypical quantity;tepal quantity;whorl quantity"><b>Flowers:</b> tepals (4–) 6 in 2 whorls;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens (2–) 3–6.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="capsule architecture or structure in adjective form;capsule architecture or structure in adjective form;capsule dehiscence"><b>Capsules </b>1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=engelmann1866a
|text=Engelmann, G. 1866--1868. Revision of the North American species of the genus Juncus, with a description of new or imperfectly known species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 2(2, 3): 424--498.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hermann1975a
|text=Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. , Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-18.] *SEC authored Juncus Linnaeus subg. Ensifolia and subg. Septati. All other subgenera were written by REB.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers borne singly; bracteoles present (except J. pelocarpus, J. subtilis).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers in heads; bracteoles absent.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences appearing lateral, inflorescence bract terete, erect, appearing to be continuation of culm; basal leaves bladeless, cauline leaves absent
|[[Juncus subg. Genuini|Juncus subg. Genuini]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences appearing terminal, inflorescence bract erect or ascending, flat, involute or terete; basal leaves (at least some) usually with blade, cauline leaves present or absent.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves terete, septate; capsules beaked
|[[Juncus subg. Septati|Juncus subg. Septati]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves flat, involute or terete, not septate; capsule rarely beaked
|[[Juncus subg. Poiophylli|Juncus subg. Poiophylli]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves flat or ensiform.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves terete or compressed.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves ensiform, imperfectly septate
|[[Juncus subg. Ensifolii|Juncus subg. Ensifolii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves flat, not septate
|[[Juncus subg. Graminifolii|Juncus subg. Graminifolii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate
|[[Juncus subg. Alpini|Juncus subg. Alpini]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Capsules smaller; seeds not tailed or if tailed not long; leaves septate or not.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves not septate; plants halophytic
|[[Juncus subg. Juncus|Juncus subg. Juncus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves septate; plants usually of fresh water habitats
|[[Juncus subg. Septati|Juncus subg. Septati]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Juncus
|author=Ralph E. Brooks*;Steven E. Clemants*
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Juncaceae
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica
|reference=engelmann1866a;hermann1975a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_402.xml
|genus=Juncus
|blade architecture=septate
|blade shape=terete;ensiform;channeled;flat
|bracteole presence=absent
|bracteole quantity=2
|branch arrangement=monochasial
|capsule architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular;1-locular
|capsule dehiscence=septicidal
|culm shape=flattened;round
|head quantity=1;many
|inflorescence position=pseudoaxillary;terminal
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|seed quantity=many
|seed shape=tailed;ellipsoid;ovoid
|sheath architecture=open
|stamen atypical quantity=2;3
|stamen quantity=3;6
|tepal atypical quantity=4;6
|tepal quantity=6
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=annual;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb;cespitose
|whorl quantity=2
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Juncaceae]]