View source for Larix

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Larix
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4
|place=vol. 2. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Larch;mélèze;mélèze laricin
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Pinaceae;Larix
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pinaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Larix]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin larix, name for larch
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="crown count or density;crown architecture">crown sparse, open.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark architecture or pubescence;bark size or width;bark architecture;tree life cycle"><b>Bark </b>silver-gray to gray-brown on young trees, becoming reddish-brown to brown, smooth initially, scaly to thickened and furrowed with age.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="branch arrangement"><b>Branches </b>whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="shoot height or length or size;shoot prominence;shoot life cycle;twig quantity">short (spur) shoots prominent on twigs 2 years or more old, each bearing leaves (needles), and often pollen cone, or seed-cone;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="">lateral long-shoots (sylleptic branches) sometimes produced by current-year growth increments;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-scar quantity">leaf-scars many.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud shape"><b>Buds </b>rounded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf shape;leaf architecture;tuft quantity;shoot height or length or size;long-shoot arrangement;base shape;sheath presence;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaves </b>in tufts of 10–60 on short (spur) shoots or borne singly on 1st-year long-shoots, deciduous, ± flattened, with abaxial keel, sessile, base decurrent, sheath absent, apex pointed or rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="resin canal quantity">resin canals 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form;pollen cone shape;pollen cone coloration"><b>Pollen </b>cones solitary, ovoid-cylindric, yellowish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone duration;seed-cone quantity;seed-cone orientation;seed-cone shape;seed-cone position or structure subtype;seed-cone architecture;seed-cone architecture;season quantity;long-shoot life cycle"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1 season, persisting several years, erect, globose to ovoid, usually terminal on short-shoots and thus appearing stalked, sometimes sessile on 1-year-old long-shoots;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="scale duration;scale shape;scale width;apophysis quantity;umbo quantity">scales persistent, circular to oblong-obovate, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="bract position;bract position">bracts included or exserted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="">cotyledons 4–6.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cotyledon quantity;x chromosome quantity">x =12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Boreal and cold north temperate areas;North America;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species of Larix are present in most boreal regions; they often form only a minor component of the vegetation. Some are important for their hard, heavy, and decay-resistant wood. Only a few have received any horticultural attention; some cultivars exist for the most commonly cultivated Old World larches, L. decidua Miller and L. kaempferi (Lambert) Carrière, but almost none for the North American species.</p><!--
--><p>Species 10 (3 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=arno1972a
|text=Arno, S.F. and J.R. Habeck. 1972. Ecology of alpine larch (Larix lyallii Parl.) in the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 417--450.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=bakowsky1989a
|text=Bakowsky, O.A. 1989. Phenotypic Variation in Larix lyallii and Relationships in the Larch Genus. M.Sc.F. thesis. Lakehead University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=carlson1965a
|text=Carlson,C. 1965. Interspecific Hybridization of Larix occidentalis and Larix lyallii. M.Sc.F. thesis. University of Montana.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dickinson1987a
|text=Dickinson, T.A., W.H. Parker, and R.E. Strauss. 1987. Another approach to leaf shape comparisons. Taxon 36: 1--20.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=knudsen1968a
|text=Knudsen, G.M. 1968. Chemotaxonomic Investigation of Hybridization between Larix occidentalis and Larix lyallii. M.Sc.F. thesis. University of Montana.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=owens1986a
|text=Owens, J.N. and S.Simpson. 1986. Pollen from conifers native to British Columbia. Canad. J. Forest Res. 16: 955--967.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=parker1990a
|text=Parker, W.H. and T.A. Dickinson. 1990. Range-wide morphological and anatomical variation in Larix laricina. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 832--840.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=powell1987a
|text=Powell, G. R. 1987. Syllepsis in Larix laricina: Analysis of tree leaders with and without sylleptic long shoots. Canad. J. Forest Res. 17: 490--498.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Twigs glabrous; seed cones 1-2 cm, scales 10-30, surpassing bracts at maturity; short-shoot leaves 1-2 cm, thickness 0.3-0.5 mm; pollen 53-65 um diam.
|[[Larix laricina|Larix laricina]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Twigs initially pubescent, becoming glabrous, or strongly tomentose for 2-3 years; seed cones 2-5 cm, scales 45-55, shorter than awn-tipped bracts at maturity; short-shoot leaves 2-5 cm, thickness 0.4-0.6 mm; pollen 71-93 um diam.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Twigs initially pubescent (but not tomentose), becoming glabrous or very sparsely pubescent during first year; seed cones 2-3 cm, scale margins entire, cone stalk 3.5-5 mm diam.; width-to-thickness ratio of short-shoot leaves 1.3-1.7, adaxial surface with shallow convex midrib; resin canals 20-50 um from margins, each surrounded by 5-7 epithelial cells.
|[[Larix occidentalis|Larix occidentalis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Twigs strongly tomentose; seed cones 2.5-4(-5) cm, scale margins erose, cone stalk 2.5-4 mm diam.; width-to-thickness ratio of short-shoot leaves 1.2-1.4, adaxial surface 2-angled; resin canals 40-80 um from margins, each surrounded by 6-10 epithelial cells.
|[[Larix lyallii|Larix lyallii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Larix
|author=William H. Parker
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Pinaceae
|distribution=Boreal and cold north temperate areas;North America;Eurasia
|reference=arno1972a;bakowsky1989a;carlson1965a;dickinson1987a;knudsen1968a;owens1986a;parker1990a;powell1987a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_443.xml
|genus=Larix
|apex shape=rounded;pointed
|apophysis quantity=lacking
|bark architecture=furrowed
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|bark coloration=reddish-brown;brown
|bark size or width=thickened
|base shape=decurrent
|bract position=exserted;included
|branch arrangement=whorled
|bud shape=rounded
|cotyledon quantity=4;6
|crown architecture=open
|crown count or density=sparse
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf duration=deciduous
|leaf shape=flattened
|leaf-scar quantity=many
|long-shoot arrangement=singly
|long-shoot life cycle=1-year-old
|pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|pollen cone coloration=yellowish
|pollen cone shape=ovoid-cylindric
|resin canal quantity=2
|scale duration=persistent
|scale shape=circular;oblong-obovate
|scale width=thin
|season quantity=1
|seed architecture=winged
|seed-cone architecture=sessile;stalked
|seed-cone duration=persisting
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
|seed-cone orientation=erect
|seed-cone position or structure subtype=terminal
|seed-cone quantity=several
|seed-cone shape=globose;ovoid
|sheath presence=absent
|shoot height or length or size=short;short
|shoot life cycle=old
|shoot prominence=prominent
|tree life cycle=young
|tuft quantity=10;60
|twig quantity=2
|umbo quantity=lacking
|whole_organism duration=deciduous
|whole_organism growth form=tree
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Pinaceae]]