View source for Ligularia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ligularia
|accepted_authority=Cassini
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|place=1816: 198. 1816
|year=1816
}}
|common_names=Ligularia
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae;Ligularia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ligularia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin, ligula, little tongue, and -aria, pertaining to or possession of; alluding to corollas of radiate heads
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 540, 542
|treatment_page=page 613
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> 15–150+ cm (glabrous or scattered-hairy, especially distally [arachno-tomentose]; roots fibrous).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>usually 1, erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">petiolate (petiole bases dilated, ± sheathing stems);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;margin architecture or shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades (basal and proximal largest, cauline smaller distally) palmately [palmati-pinnately] nerved, orbiculate to reniform [elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate], margins dentate [denticulate, serrate, dissected], faces glabrous or sparsely pilosulous (mostly on nerves) [glaucous; arachno-tomentose].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>radiate [discoid], in corymbiform [racemiform or spiciform] arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="calyculus presence"><b>Calyculi </b>0 [1–2+ bractlets].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>cylindric to campanulate, [3–] 16–28 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="phyllarie duration;phyllarie atypical quantity;phyllarie quantity;phyllarie orientation;phyllarie fusion;phyllarie shape;phyllarie size;series quantity;margin texture"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, [5–] 8–13+ in 1–2 series, erect, distinct (margins interlocking) [connate at bases], mostly oblong or lanceolate to linear, subequal, margins usually ± scarious (tips greenish or reddish, not blackened).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to convex, smooth, epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets [0 or 1–7] 8–14+, pistillate, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas (laminae prominent, showy) orange to orange-yellow or brick-red [yellow].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets [5–] 12–100+, bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube length or size;throat shape;lobe quantity;lobe orientation;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas orange-yellow to orange, becoming brownish [yellow], tubes longer than cylindric throats, lobes 5, recurved, lance-linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigmatic area architecture;apex shape;apex shape">style-branches: stigmatic areas continuous, apices truncate or rounded-truncate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela architecture;cypsela architecture;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>(stramineous to brownish) ± ellipsoid [cylindric or fusiform], 5 [–10] -ribbed or nerved, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle coloration;bristle architecture">pappi persistent (fragile), of 40–100+, reddish [sordid, brownish, purplish], barbellate to barbellulate bristles ([shorter than] longer than cypselae).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="pappus duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 30.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=temperate Eurasia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 125+ (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ligularia
|author=Theodore M. Barkley†
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=temperate Eurasia
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|publication year=1816
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V20_1376.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae
|genus=Ligularia
|apex shape=rounded-truncate;truncate
|array architecture=corymbiform
|blade architecture=nerved
|blade shape=orbiculate;reniform
|bristle architecture=barbellate;barbellulate
|bristle coloration=reddish
|bristle quantity=40;100
|calyculus presence=absent
|corolla coloration=brownish;orange-yellow;orange
|cypsela architecture=nerved;5[-10]-ribbed
|cypsela pubescence=glabrous
|cypsela shape=ellipsoid
|disc-floret atypical quantity=5;12
|disc-floret quantity=12;100
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=pilosulous;glabrous
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|involucre diameter=16mm;28mm
|involucre shape=cylindric;campanulate
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=lance-linear
|lobe orientation=recurved
|lobe quantity=5
|margin architecture or shape=dentate
|margin texture=scarious
|pappus duration=persistent
|phyllarie atypical quantity=5;8
|phyllarie duration=persistent
|phyllarie fusion=distinct
|phyllarie orientation=erect
|phyllarie quantity=8;13
|phyllarie shape=lanceolate;linear
|phyllarie size=subequal
|ray-floret architecture=pistillate
|ray-floret quantity=8;14
|ray-floret reproduction=fertile
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|receptacle shape=flat;convex
|series quantity=1;2
|stem orientation=erect
|stem quantity=1
|stigmatic area architecture=continuous
|throat shape=cylindric
|tube length or size=longer
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism some measurement=15cm;150cm
|x chromosome quantity=30
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae]]