View source for Listera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Listera
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew.
|place=5: 201. 1813
|year=1813
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Neottieae;Orchidaceae (tribe Neottieae) subtribe Limodorinae;Listera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Neottieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Orchidaceae (tribe Neottieae) subtribe Limodorinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Listera]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Martin Lister (1638–1711), noted English physician and naturalist
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 496, 591
|treatment_page=page 586
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root size;root texture"><b>Roots </b>slender, fibrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem size;stem pubescence;stem position"><b>Stems </b>slender to stout, glabrous proximal to leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem bract atypical quantity;stem bract quantity">cauline bracts 2 (–3), enclosing base of stem.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf quantity;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf pubescence"><b>Leaves </b>2 (–3, rarely), at apex of stem, opposite or subopposite, sessile, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;raceme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, 2–100-flowered racemes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="peduncle pubescence;peduncle pubescence;rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence">peduncle and rachis densely glandular-pubescent or glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="floral bract prominence;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape">floral bracts inconspicuous, lanceolate, elliptic, suborbiculate-ovate, rhombic-ovate, or oblong.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower orientation;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration"><b>Flowers </b>resupinate, maroon-purple, yellowish green to dark green, blue-green, or pinkish tan;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="dorsal sepal shape;dorsal sepal shape;dorsal sepal shape;dorsal sepal shape;dorsal sepal shape;dorsal sepal shape">dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, elliptic-obovate, linear-elliptic, or lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal orientation">lateral sepals semiorbiculate-elliptic, ovate, linear-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, often falcate-recurved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal orientation;petal orientation;petal arrangement;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape">petals reflexed, spreading, or connivent, linear, linear-oblong to lanceolate, or elliptic, falcate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lip orientation;lip orientation;lip architecture;lip shape;lip shape;lip shape;lip shape;auricle prominence">lip prominently deflexed or not, sessile or clawed, linear-oblong to obovate, suborbiculate-ovate, or ovate-reniform, base of lip with or without prominent auricles or lobes, apex deeply 2-lobed, dilated to rounded, apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="horn callus variability;horn callus relief;lamella quantity">calli various, papillose, pair of horns, or with 1–2 lamellae;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="column course or shape;column width;column height or length or size;apex size;apex size">column arcuate, thick, short, apex expanded or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="">anther on adaxial side of column near apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pollinium quantity;pollinium coloration;pollinium pubescence or texture">pollinia 2, yellow, soft;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary architecture">ovaries pedicellate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruits capsule orientation;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, horizontal to semierect, ellipsoid, ovoid, or subglobose, glabrous or glabrate to glandular-pubescent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Cool temperate regions;Northern and Southern hemispheres
|discussion=<p>Species 25 (8 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip cleft 1/2–2/3 its length into 2 pointed, linear-lanceolate apical lobes; column 0.5–1 mm.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip expanded at apex or if cleft, then less than 1/2 its length and apical lobes rounded; column 1.5–4 mm.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip with basal auricles rounded and projecting distally, partially surrounding column; flowers smaller, dorsal and lateral sepals 1.5 mm.
|[[Listera australis|Listera australis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip with basal auricles or lobes pointed and projecting outward like horns, not partially surrounding column; flowers larger, dorsal and lateral sepals 2–3 mm.
|[[Listera cordata|Listera cordata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lip ± as broad at apex as at base, with basal auricles or lobes extending beyond column.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lip broader at apex than at base, without basal auricles or lobes extending beyond column.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Auricles curving around and clasping base of column; pedicels glabrous, rarely glabrate; dorsal sepal 3–3.5 mm, lateral sepals 3–4 mm.
|[[Listera auriculata|Listera auriculata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Auricles divergent from column; pedicels glandular-pubescent; dorsal sepal 4–6 mm, lateral sepals 4.5–7 mm.
|[[Listera borealis|Listera borealis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Lip with short claw, not sessile.
|[[Listera convallarioides|Listera convallarioides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Lip sessile, without claw.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lip deflexed, base of lip without teeth or lobules; pedicels stout, 3–4 mm; capsules 10 mm.
|[[Listera ovata|Listera ovata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lip not deflexed, base of lip with teeth or lobules; pedicels slender, 4–12 mm; capsules 5 mm.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Lip rounded or retuse at apex, base with 2 small, pointed auricles; pedicels glandular-puberulent.
|[[Listera caurina|Listera caurina]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Lip deeply notched at apex into 2 broadly rounded lobes, base with rounded lobules on each side; pedicels glabrous.
|[[Listera smallii|Listera smallii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Listera
|author=Lawrence K. Magrath;Ronald A. Coleman
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=Cool temperate regions;Northern and Southern hemispheres
|reference=None
|publication title=in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew.
|publication year=1813
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_1197.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Neottieae
|subtribe=Orchidaceae (tribe Neottieae) subtribe Limodorinae
|genus=Listera
|apex size=not;expanded
|auricle prominence=prominent
|column course or shape=arcuate
|column height or length or size=short
|column width=thick
|dorsal sepal shape=lanceolate;linear-elliptic;lanceolate;linear-elliptic;elliptic-obovate;ovate-elliptic
|floral bract prominence=inconspicuous
|floral bract shape=oblong;rhombic-ovate;oblong;rhombic-ovate;suborbiculate-ovate;elliptic;lanceolate
|flower coloration=yellowish green;dark green blue-green or pinkish tan
|flower orientation=resupinate
|fruits capsule orientation=horizontal;semierect
|fruits capsule pubescence=glabrate;glandular-pubescent
|fruits capsule shape=subglobose;ovoid;subglobose;ovoid;ellipsoid
|horn callus relief=papillose
|horn callus variability=various
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|lamella quantity=1;2
|lateral sepal orientation=falcate-recurved
|lateral sepal shape=oblong-lanceolate;linear-elliptic;oblong-lanceolate;linear-elliptic;ovate;semiorbiculate-elliptic
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf arrangement=subopposite;opposite
|leaf pubescence=glabrous
|leaf quantity=2
|lip architecture=sessile
|lip orientation=not;deflexed
|lip shape=linear-oblong;obovate suborbiculate-ovate or ovate-reniform
|ovary architecture=pedicellate
|peduncle pubescence=glabrate;glandular-pubescent
|petal arrangement=connivent
|petal orientation=spreading;reflexed
|petal shape=falcate;linear-oblong;lanceolate or elliptic
|pollinium coloration=yellow
|pollinium pubescence or texture=soft
|pollinium quantity=2
|raceme architecture=2-100-flowered
|rachis pubescence=glabrate;glandular-pubescent
|root size=slender
|root texture=fibrous
|stem bract atypical quantity=2;3
|stem bract quantity=2
|stem position=proximal
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem size=slender;stout
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae (tribe Neottieae) subtribe Limodorinae]]