View source for Lolium ← Lolium You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Lolium |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Lolium |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lolium]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 454 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm size;culm orientation;culm growth form or orientation"><b>Culms </b>10-150 cm, slender to stout, erect to decumbent, rarely prostrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath shape;sheath pubescence;sheath pubescence or relief"><b>Sheaths </b>open, rounded, glabrous, sometimes scabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="ligule some measurement;ligule texture;ligule pubescence">ligules to 4 mm, membranous, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles sometimes present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;blade arrangement or course or shape">blades flat, linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence orientation;spike arrangement;spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form;spikelet orientation"><b>Inflorescences </b>distichous spikes, with solitary spikelets oriented radial to the rachises, perpendicular to the rachis concavities.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spikelet shape;floret quantity;distal floret size"><b>Spikelets </b>laterally compressed, with 2-22 florets, distal florets reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">rachillas glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="rachilla pubescence">disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the florets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="glume quantity;glume quantity;glume shape;glume shape;glume texture;glume architecture"><b>Glumes </b>usually 1, 2 in the terminal spikelets, lanceolate to oblong, rounded over the midvein, membranous to indurate, 3-9-veined, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lower glume presence">lower glumes absent from all but the terminal spikelet;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="upper glume height or length or size;distal floret position relational">upper glumes from shorter than to exceeding the distal florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="callus height or length or size;callus shape;callus pubescence">calluses short, blunt, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="lemma shape;lemma shape;lemma shape;lemma shape;lemma texture;lemma pubescence or texture;lemma architecture;apex coloration;apex architecture or shape;awn position;awn course">lemmas lanceolate, ovate or oblong, rounded over the midvein, membranous, chartaceous, 3-7-veined, apices sometimes hyaline, unawned or awned, awns subterminal, more or less straight;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="palea texture;palea architecture or pubescence or relief;keel pubescence">paleas membranous, usually smooth, keels ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule fusion;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, free, lanceolate to ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse architecture"><b>Caryopses </b>dorsally compressed, oblong, broadly elliptic or ovate, longitudinally sulcate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="hilum arrangement or course or shape">hila linear, in the furrow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="">embryos 1/5 - 1/3 as long as the caryopses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="embryo quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Del.;Mont.;Utah;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Fla.;Ga.;Iowa;Ill.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Md.;Maine;Minn.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.Mex.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;N.H.;Nebr.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Ind. |discussion=<p>As interpreted here, Lolium comprises five species that are native to Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa. All have been introduced to the Flora region, often as forage grasses; most have become established.</p><!-- --><p>Lolium used to be included in the Triticeae, but evidence from genetics, morphology, and other studies shows its closest relationship to be to the species included here in Schedonorus. Artificial hybrids have been produced among L. perenne, L. multiflorum, Schedonorus pratensis, and S. arundinaceus. Cultivars of these crosses have been registered for commercial use and are sometimes used for forage. Natural hybrids are not uncommon in Europe.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=aiken1997b |text=Aiken, S.G., M.J. Dallwitz, C.L. Mcjannet, and LX. Consaul. 1997. Fescue Grasses of North America: Interactive Identification and Information Retrieval. DELTA, CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia. CD-ROM }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=dannhardt1985a |text=Dannhardt, G. and L. Steindl. 1985. Alkaloids of Lolium temulentum: Isolation, identification and pharmacological activity. Pi. Med. (Stuttgart) 1985:212-214 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=dore1950a |text=Dore, W.G. 1950. Persian darnel in Canada. Sci. Agric. (Ottawa) 30:157-164 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=soreng1997a |text=Soreng, R.J. and E.E. Terrell. 1997 [publication date 1998]. Taxonomic notes on Schedonorus, a segregate genus from Festuca or Lolium, with a new nothogenus, xSchedololium, and new combinations. Phytologia 83:85-88 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell1968a |text=Terrell, E.E. 1968. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Lolium. Technical Bulletin, United States Department of Agriculture No. 1392. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 65 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants either long-lived perennials with 2-10 florets per spikelet, or annuals or short-lived perennials with 10-22 florets per spikelet. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants long-lived perennials, with 2-10 florets per spikelet; lemmas unawned or awned, awns to about 8 mm long |[[Lolium perenne|Lolium perenne]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants annuals or short-lived perennials, with 10-22 florets per spikelet; lemmas usually awned, awns to 15 mm long, rarely unawned |[[Lolium multiflorum|Lolium multiflorum]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants annuals, with 2-10(11) florets per spikelet. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Spikelets somewhat sunken in the rachises and partly concealed by the glumes |[[Lolium rigidum|Lolium rigidum]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Spikelets not sunken in the rachises and not concealed by the glumes. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Lemmas 3.5-8.5 mm long; paleas from 1.2 mm shorter than to 0.8 mm longer than the lemmas; mature florets and caryopses 2-3 times longer than wide |[[Lolium temulentum|Lolium temulentum]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Lemmas (5.2)7-12 mm long; paleas usually 0.5-1.8 mm longer than the lemmas; mature florets and caryopses 3.7-5 times longer than wide |[[Lolium persicum|Lolium persicum]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Lolium |author=Edward E. Terrell; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Del.;Mont.;Utah;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Fla.;Ga.;Iowa;Ill.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Md.;Maine;Minn.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.Mex.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;N.H.;Nebr.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Ind. |reference=aiken1997b;dannhardt1985a;dore1950a;soreng1997a;terrell1968a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_652.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Lolium |anther quantity=3 |apex architecture or shape=awned |apex coloration=hyaline |auricle presence=absent |awn course=straight |awn position=subterminal |blade arrangement or course or shape=linear |blade prominence or shape=flat |callus height or length or size=short |callus pubescence=glabrous |callus shape=blunt |caryopse architecture=sulcate |caryopse shape=ovate;elliptic;oblong;compressed |culm growth form or orientation=prostrate |culm orientation=erect to decumbent |culm size=slender;stout |culm some measurement=10cm;150cm |distal floret position relational=exceeding |distal floret size=reduced |embryo quantity=1/5;1/3 |floret quantity=2;22 |glume architecture=3-9-veined |glume quantity=2;1 |glume shape=rounded;lanceolate;oblong |glume texture=membranous;indurate |hilum arrangement or course or shape=linear |inflorescence arrangement=radial |inflorescence orientation=perpendicular |keel pubescence=ciliolate |lemma architecture=3-7-veined |lemma pubescence or texture=chartaceous |lemma shape=rounded;oblong;ovate;lanceolate |lemma texture=membranous |ligule pubescence=glabrous |ligule some measurement=0mm;4mm |ligule texture=membranous |lodicule fusion=free |lodicule quantity=2 |lodicule shape=lanceolate;ovate |lower glume presence=absent |ovary pubescence=glabrous |palea architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |palea texture=membranous |rachilla pubescence=glabrous |sheath architecture=open |sheath pubescence=glabrous |sheath pubescence or relief=scabrous |sheath shape=rounded |spike arrangement=distichous |spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |spikelet orientation=oriented |spikelet shape=compressed |upper glume height or length or size=shorter |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Lolium.