View source for Madia sativa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Madia sativa
|accepted_authority=Molina
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili,
|place=136. 1782
|year=1782
}}
|common_names=Chile tarweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Madia capitata
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae;Madia;Madia sativa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Madia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Madia sativa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 305, 307
|treatment_page=page 308
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>(0.3–) 35–100 (–240) cm, self-compatible (heads not showy).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem pubescence;stem pubescence;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration"><b>Stems </b>hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, lateral branches rarely surpassing main-stems.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade width"><b>Leaf-</b>blades broadly lanceolate to linear-oblong or linear, 2–18 cm × 3–18 (–29) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="head architecture;head architecture;head architecture;head architecture;head architecture"><b>Heads </b>in usually crowded, paniculiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre some measurement"><b>Involucres </b>ovoid to urceolate, 6–16 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="phyllary pubescence;phyllary pubescence;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration;gland coloration;apex orientation;apex orientation;apex prominence or shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>hirsute and glandular-pubescent, glands yellowish, purple, or black, apices erect or ± reflexed, flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="palea duration;palea fusion;palea lengths"><b>Paleae </b>mostly persistent, connate 1/2+ their lengths.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret quantity"><b>Ray-</b>florets (5–) 8–13;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;lamina some measurement">corollas greenish yellow or sometimes purplish red abaxially or throughout, laminae 1.5–4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 11–14, bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla some measurement;corolla pubescence">corollas 2–5 mm, pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers ± dark purple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ray cypsela coloration;ray cypsela coloration;ray cypsela coloration;ray cypsela reflectance;ray cypsela shape;ray cypsela architecture"><b>Ray </b>cypselae black or brown, sometimes mottled, dull, compressed, beakless.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties=""><b>Disc </b>cypselae similar.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="2n chromosome quantity">2n = 32.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Oct.
|habitat=Grasslands, openings in shrublands and woods, disturbed sites, stream banks, roadsides
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Oreg.;Wash.;South America (Argentina);South America (Chile);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Pacific Islands (probably )
|discussion=<p>In North America, Madia sativa occurs on the Pacific Coast from California to British Columbia, sporadically in coastal ranges, and rarely eastward. Reports of M. sativa from Ontario and Quebec and from Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin are putative waifs or misidentified M. glomerata. Molecular data and greenhouse studies have indicated that plants referable to M. capitata and M. sativa in California are not distinct (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). Sampled populations of M. sativa (including M. capitata) from California are somewhat divergent in DNA sequences from sampled Chilean populations, in apparent conflict with earlier suggestions that M. sativa was recently introduced to North America from South America by Europeans (Baldwin, unpubl.). Madia sativa has been cultivated for seed-oil in South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia Minor (E. Zardini 1992).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Madia sativa
|authority=Molina
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Madia capitata
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Oct.
|habitat=Grasslands, openings in shrublands and woods, disturbed sites, stream banks, roadsides
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Oreg.;Wash.;South America (Argentina);South America (Chile);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Pacific Islands (probably )
|reference=None
|publication title=Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili,
|publication year=1782
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_751.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Madiinae
|genus=Madia
|species=Madia sativa
|2n chromosome quantity=32
|anther coloration=dark purple
|apex orientation=reflexed;erect
|apex prominence or shape=flat
|corolla coloration=purplish red;sometimes;greenish yellow
|corolla pubescence=pubescent
|corolla some measurement=2mm;5mm
|disc-floret quantity=11;14
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|gland coloration=black;purple;black;purple;yellowish;black;purple;black;purple;yellowish
|head architecture=spiciform;racemiform;spiciform;racemiform;paniculiform
|involucre shape=ovoid;urceolate
|involucre some measurement=6mm;16mm
|lamina some measurement=1.5mm;4mm
|leaf-blade atypical width=18mm;29mm
|leaf-blade length=2cm;18cm
|leaf-blade shape=broadly lanceolate;linear-oblong or linear
|leaf-blade width=3mm;18mm
|palea duration=persistent
|palea fusion=connate
|phyllary pubescence=glandular-pubescent;hirsute
|ray cypsela architecture=beakless
|ray cypsela coloration=mottled;brown;black
|ray cypsela reflectance=dull
|ray cypsela shape=compressed
|ray-floret atypical quantity=5;8
|ray-floret quantity=8;13
|stem pubescence=glandular-pubescent;hirsute
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=100cm;240cm
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism reproduction=self-compatible
|whole_organism some measurement=35cm;100cm
}}<!--

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