View source for Melaleuca

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Melaleuca
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=12, 2: 507, 509. 1767
|year=1767
|other_info_on_pub=name conserved
}}
|common_names=Paperbark;bottlebrush;tea tree
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Callistemon
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Myrtaceae;Melaleuca
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Myrtaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Melaleuca]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek melas, black, and leukos, white, alluding to colors of tree trunk and branches, respectively, in M. leucadendron, the type species
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub pubescence;tree pubescence;hair architecture"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, glabrescent, hairs simple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>usually alternate or opposite [ternate], sometimes decussate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="blade architecture or shape;blade dehiscence or orientation">blade venation pinnate to longitudinal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence position;inflorescence position;spike arrangement;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>4–80-flowered, pseudoterminal or axillary, usually spikes or clusters, sometimes flowers solitary (monad).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Flowers </b>usually 5-merous, sessile, in triplets (triads) or solitary (monads);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium fusion;ovary length">hypanthium subglobose to subcylindrical, adnate to ovary proximally or to 3/4 length of ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="calyx lobe fusion;calyx lobe quantity">calyx lobes distinct, (0 or) 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal coloration">petals white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen length or size">stamens 25–365, longer than perianth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="filament fusion;bundle quantity;bundle fusion;bundle quantity;bundle quantity;bundle quantity">filaments connate proximally into 5 bundles or, sometimes, distinct and not in bundles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 3-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="placenta architecture;placenta position;placenta position;placenta position">placenta peltate, axile-median to axile-basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 50–300 per locule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruits capsule coloration;fruits capsule coloration;fruits capsule coloration;fruits capsule coloration;fruits capsule coloration;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;hypanthium arrangement;hypanthium texture;hypanthium texture;hypanthium arrangement"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, green, brown, or gray, subglobose to short-cylindrical, in spikes or clusters, a woody or subwoody hypanthium enclosing a capsule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture;testa width"><b>Seeds </b>20+, usually obovoid-oblong to obovoid, not winged, with thin testa;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cotyledon architecture">cotyledons not or scarcely foliaceous, face-to-face, planoconvex or obvolute, wrapped around each other.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="face-to-face shape;face-to-face arrangement or vernation;x chromosome quantity">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Asia (Malesia);Pacific Islands (Lord Howe Island);Pacific Islands (New Caledonia);Australia;also widely
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 300 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Melaleuca and Callistemon traditionally have been regarded as separate genera, distinguished by features of the androecium. The staminal filaments are usually distinct in Callistemon with the stamens arranged uniformly around the hypanthium rim. In some species of Callistemon, the stamens are connate towards the base and aggregated in five more or less distinct bundles. This condition is nearly universal in Melaleuca. In view of the similarities between the two genera in many features of the leaves, inflorescences, and fruits, they have been combined under Melaleuca (L. A. Craven 2006). Gill. K. Brown et al. (2001), in an analysis of 5S and ITS-1 rDNA data, found that Callistemon nested within Melaleuca, and a similar result was obtained by R. D. Edwards et al. (2010) on the basis of ndhF data.</p><!--
--><p>Some species of Melaleuca are ornamental (notably M. citrina and M. viminalis) and are widely cultivated. Some of the taller paperbark species have potential for forestry use. Essential oils are produced commercially in Australia, Indonesia, Madagascar, and New Caledonia from some species, mainly the tea tree, M. alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, cajuput, M. cajuputi Powell, tea tree or snow-in-summer, M. linariifolia, and punk tree, broad-leaved paperbark, or niauoli, M. quinquenervia (I. Southwell and R. Lowe 1999).</p><!--
--><p>Melaleuca occurs in North America mostly as cultigens but one species, Melaleuca quinquenervia, has become a significant woody weed in Florida.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves opposite (decussate); flowers in monads.
|[[Melaleuca linariifolia|Melaleuca linariifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves alternate; flowers in monads or triads.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers joined to inflorescence axes in clusters of 3 (triads), filaments white, cream, greenish white, green, creamy white, or creamy yellow.
|[[Melaleuca quinquenervia|Melaleuca quinquenervia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers joined to inflorescence axes one-by-one (monads), filaments red, crimson, or mauve.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filaments distinct.
|[[Melaleuca citrina|Melaleuca citrina]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filaments connate proximally, usually in 5 bundles (these obscure when bundle claws are short).
|[[Melaleuca viminalis|Melaleuca viminalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Melaleuca
|author=Lyn A. Craven†
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Callistemon
|basionyms=
|family=Myrtaceae
|distribution=Asia (Malesia);Pacific Islands (Lord Howe Island);Pacific Islands (New Caledonia);Australia;also widely
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1767
|special status=
|source xml=
|genus=Melaleuca
|blade architecture or shape=pinnate
|blade dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|bundle fusion=distinct
|bundle quantity=5;5;5;5
|calyx lobe fusion=distinct
|calyx lobe quantity=5
|cotyledon architecture=foliaceous
|face-to-face arrangement or vernation=obvolute
|face-to-face shape=planoconvex
|filament fusion=connate
|flower architecture=sessile;5-merous
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary;solitary
|fruits capsule coloration=gray;brown;gray;brown;green
|fruits capsule shape=subglobose;short-cylindrical
|hair architecture=simple
|hypanthium arrangement=cluster;cluster
|hypanthium fusion=adnate
|hypanthium shape=subglobose;subcylindrical
|hypanthium texture=subwoody;woody
|inflorescence architecture=4-80-flowered
|inflorescence position=axillary;pseudoterminal
|leaf arrangement=decussate;opposite;alternate
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary length=0 length of ovary;3/4 length of ovary
|ovule quantity=50;300
|petal coloration=white
|placenta architecture=peltate
|placenta position=axile-median;axile-basal
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed shape=usually obovoid-oblong;obovoid
|shrub pubescence=glabrescent
|spike arrangement=cluster
|stamen length or size=longer
|stamen quantity=25;365
|testa width=thin
|tree pubescence=glabrescent
|x chromosome quantity=11
}}<!--

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