View source for Mitella

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mitella
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 406. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 190. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Mitrewort;bishop’s-cap;mitrelle;Latin mitra;turban or headdress;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Saxifragaceae;Mitella
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Saxifragaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mitella]]</div></div>
|etymology=ella, diminutive, alluding to cap-shaped fruit
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 43, 46, 47, 77, 84, 85, 105, 109, 115
|treatment_page=page 108
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> rhizomatous, stoloniferous or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="caudex architecture or shape;leaf-base duration">caudex not cormlike, usually with persistent leaf-bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="flowering-stem orientation;flowering-stem orientation;flowering-stem architecture;flowering-stem architecture;flowering-stem atypical some measurement;flowering-stem atypical some measurement;flowering-stem some measurement;flowering-stem pubescence;flowering-stem height or length or size;flowering-stem pubescence"><b>Flowering-</b>stems ascending or erect, leafy or leafless, (2–) 6–55 (–65) cm, subglabrous or short to long-stipitate-glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>in basal rosette and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="cauline leaf presence;cauline leaf quantity;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement">cauline leaves absent or 1–3, alternate or opposite;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence;petiole pubescence;petiole pubescence">petiole present, sometimes absent in cauline leaves, subglabrous or stipitate-glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;margin shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">blade ovate, cordate, or reniform, usually shallowly lobed, rarely unlobed, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, surfaces glabrous or subglabrous to variously stipitate-glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface architecture">venation palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescences raceme position or structure subtype;inflorescences raceme architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes, terminal from axillary buds in rosette, (scapose or leafy, anthesis usually acropetalous, basipetalous in M. caulescens, not secund to weakly secund or, rarely, strongly secund), 2–60-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, bracteolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium fusion;hypanthium architecture or shape;hypanthium length;hypanthium coloration;hypanthium coloration;hypanthium coloration;hypanthium coloration;hypanthium coloration;ovary some measurement"><b>Flowers:</b> hypanthium adnate ± entire length of ovary, free from ovary to 1.5 mm, green, greenish white, or greenish yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration">sepals 5, white, greenish white, greenish, yellowish green, or greenish yellow, sometimes purple-tinged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration">petals 5, greenish, greenish yellow, whitish green, or white, sometimes pink or purple-tinged, (claw slender);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nectariferous tissue position;nectariferous tissue prominence;stamen presence">nectariferous tissue proximal to stamens absent or obscure;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen arrangement;stamen arrangement;stamen quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 5 or 10, opposite or alternate with sepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="filament shape">filaments filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;carpel fusion;carpel length">ovary nearly superior to nearly completely inferior, 1-locular, (2-lobed), carpels connate ± entire length, (equal);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower placentation">placentation parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style quantity">styles 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="capsule architecture or shape"><b>Capsules </b>obscurely 2-beaked, (dehiscent by adaxial sutures on free, lobed portion, dehiscent fruit sometimes appearing almost circumscissile).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>(4–40), reddish purple, dark reddish-brown, or blackish, shiny, ellipsoid to ovoid, nearly smooth or pitted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed reflectance;seed shape;seed relief;seed relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Korea);Asia (Mongolia);Asia (Russia)
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Mitella is treated here in the broad sense; phylogenetic data indicate that it is polyphyletic (D. E. Soltis et al. 1990; Soltis and R. K. Kuzoff 1995). Historically, four or five genera have been recognized (including Mitella, Ozomelis Rafinesque, Pectiantia Rafinesque). Formal restructuring of generic boundaries is complicated by the presence of nearly a dozen Asian species (M. Wakabayashi 2001) and lack of a comprehensive understanding of the genus relative to the rest of Saxifragaceae. Mitella nuda and M. diphylla, both with ten stamens, form a clade that would comprise a narrowly defined Mitella. A second clade composed of M. diversifolia, M. stauropetala, M. trifida, and Conimitella williamsii would form a second, distinct genus. Molecular data suggest that M. breweri, M. caulescens, and M. pentandra also form a distinct clade and perhaps a third, distinct genus. The relationships of M. ovalis are less certain; some analyses suggest that it may be sister to the genus Tolmiea (Soltis and Kuzoff; Kuzoff and Soltis, unpubl.).</p><!--
--><p>Mitella diphylla exhibits splash-cup seed dispersal similar to Chrysosplenium (D. B. O. Savile 1953). Y. Okuyama et al. (2004) found that four Japanese species of Mitella are pollinated by fungus gnats, the pinnatifid petals of some species providing a resting platform for long- and spiny-legged flies. S. A. Spongberg (1972) reported syrphid flies and short-tongued bees as the most frequent visitors to M. diphylla.</p><!--
--><p>In the keys and descriptions, leaf blade length is measured from the apex of the blade along the midvein proximally along the petiole to a perpendicular line that touches the proximal extension of the blade.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 10; ovaries 1/3-1/2 inferior or nearly superior
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 5; ovaries 1/2 inferior to nearly completely inferior
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves absent or 1; plants usually stoloniferous; petals greenish yellow or greenish white.
|[[Mitella nuda|Mitella nuda]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves 2; plants not stoloniferous; petals white.
|[[Mitella diphylla|Mitella diphylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens alternate with sepals.
|[[Mitella pentandra|Mitella pentandra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens opposite sepals
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthesis basipetalous; plants usually stoloniferous; cauline leaves 1-3; filaments usually purple proximally and white distally, sometimes entirely white; hypanthia 3-5.5 mm diam.; styles 0.8-1.1 mm, cylindric; stigmas unlobed.
|[[Mitella caulescens|Mitella caulescens]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthesis acropetalous; plants not stoloniferous or, rarely, stoloniferous; cauline leaves absent or 1-2; filaments white or greenish; hypanthia 1.4-3.5 mm diam.; styles 0.1-0.3 mm, flattened; stigmas 2-lobed or unlobed
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals greenish yellow, blades lobed, lobes 3-11, linear; hypanthia saucer-shaped; sepals yellowish green or greenish, triangular to broadly triangular, spreading to recurved
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals white, sometimes pink- or purple-tinged, blades lobed or, sometimes, unlobed, lobes 3-5, linear to lanceolate; hypanthia campanulate, obconic-campanulate, or turbinate-campanulate; sepals whitish, greenish white, or purple-tinged, oblong, oblong-ovate, widely ovate, triangular-ovate, or triangular, erect or spreading
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades broadly cordate to reniform, usually shorter than or sometimes ± as long as wide, 1.5-7.9 × 1.5-11 cm, surfaces glabrous or sparsely short stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular; petioles of basal leaves subglabrous or stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular.
|[[Mitella breweri|Mitella breweri]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades cordate-ovate to cordate-oblong, longer than wide, 2.7-7 × 1.5-5.4 cm, surfaces sparsely stipitate-glandular and long stipitate-glandular to sparsely long stipitate-glandular along primary veins abaxially, stipitate-glandular adaxially; petioles of basal leaves short stipitate-glandular and densely long stipitate-glandular.
|[[Mitella ovalis|Mitella ovalis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades longer than or ± as long as wide, cordate-ovate or triangular-cordate, apex of terminal lobe acute; flowers 1(-2) per node; cauline leaves absent or 1-2.
|[[Mitella diversifolia|Mitella diversifolia]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades shorter than or sometimes ± as long as wide, cordate, cordate-ovate, or reniform, apex of terminal lobe rounded to obtuse; flowers 1 per node; cauline leaves absent
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Racemes strongly secund, 10-45-flowered; petals linear to lanceolate, lateral lobes ascending or spreading.
|[[Mitella stauropetala|Mitella stauropetala]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Racemes weakly secund or not secund, 4-20-flowered; petals lanceolate, lateral lobes ascending.
|[[Mitella trifida|Mitella trifida]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mitella
|author=Douglas E. Soltis;Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Saxifragaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Korea);Asia (Mongolia);Asia (Russia)
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_215.xml
|genus=Mitella
|apex shape=rounded;obtuse;rounded;obtuse;acute
|base shape=cordate;truncate
|blade shape=unlobed;lobed;reniform;cordate;reniform;cordate;ovate
|capsule architecture or shape=2-beaked
|carpel fusion=connate
|carpel length=entire
|caudex architecture or shape=not cormlike
|cauline leaf arrangement=opposite;alternate
|cauline leaf presence=absent
|cauline leaf quantity=1;3
|filament shape=filiform
|flower architecture=bracteolate
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower placentation=parietal
|flowering-stem architecture=leafless;leafy
|flowering-stem atypical some measurement=55cm;65cm
|flowering-stem height or length or size=short
|flowering-stem orientation=erect;ascending
|flowering-stem pubescence=long-stipitate-glandular;subglabrous
|flowering-stem some measurement=6cm;55cm
|hypanthium architecture or shape=entire
|hypanthium coloration=greenish yellow;greenish white;greenish yellow;greenish white;green
|hypanthium fusion=adnate
|hypanthium length=free
|inflorescences raceme architecture=2-60-flowered
|inflorescences raceme position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf position=cauline
|leaf-base duration=persistent
|margin shape=crenate;dentate
|nectariferous tissue position=proximal
|nectariferous tissue prominence=obscure
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary position=nearly superior;nearly completely inferior
|ovary some measurement=0mm;1.5mm
|petal coloration=purple-tinged;pink;white;whitish green;white;whitish green;greenish yellow;greenish
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent;absent
|petiole pubescence=stipitate-glandular;subglabrous
|seed atypical quantity=4;40
|seed coloration=blackish;dark reddish-brown;blackish;dark reddish-brown;reddish purple
|seed reflectance=shiny
|seed relief=pitted;smooth
|seed shape=ellipsoid;ovoid
|sepal coloration=purple-tinged;greenish yellow;yellowish green;greenish yellow;yellowish green;greenish;greenish white;white
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen arrangement=list;count
|stamen presence=absent
|stamen quantity=10;5
|stigma quantity=2
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=2
|surface architecture=palmate
|surface pubescence=subglabrous;variously stipitate-glandular
|whole_organism architecture=not;stoloniferous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

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