View source for Mniaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mniaceae
|accepted_authority=Schwagrichen
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Mniaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Mniaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 10, 118, 173, 186, 191, 216, 217, 220, 223, 236
|treatment_page=page 215
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism architecture or fragility;whole_organism growth form;tuft density"><b>Plants </b>small to large, in loose to dense tufts or mats.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>green, yellow-green, brown, reddish-brown, or black, rarely yellowish-brown, erect, arching, inclined, or plagiotropic, usually simple, sometimes branched distally, rarely dendroid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizoid coloration;rhizoid coloration;rhizoid size;rhizoid architecture;rhizoid position;rhizoid growth form;rhizoid size;rhizoid architecture;rhizoid coloration;rhizoid presence;rhizoid presence">rhizoids brown or reddish-brown, of two types, macronemata larger and usually strongly branched, mainly proximal, often matted, mainly restricted to leaf or branch bases distally, rarely along leaf-bases, and micronemata, smaller, less branched and paler, present or absent on stems.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf size;leaf arrangement;leaf size;leaf arrangement;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf prominence or shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf architecture;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>green, yellowish green, or reddish, rarely bluish green, usually small and distant proximally, larger and more crowded distally, sometimes forming terminal rosettes, sometimes incurved upwards, usually crisped or contorted, sometimes undulate when dry, spreading, erect-spreading, reflexed, or arcuate-recurved, flat or sometimes keeled, rarely undulate when moist, orbicular, spatulate, lingulate, ligulate, elliptic, ovate, ovatelanceolate, or obovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="base shape;base shape">base decurrent or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin orientation;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin architecture;margin architecture;margin architecture;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;tooth quantity;tooth arrangement;tooth shape;tooth shape;cell atypical quantity;cell quantity">margins usually plane, sometimes recurved, green, brown, red, or reddish-brown, 1-stratose or 2-stratose, rarely multistratose, rarely with stereid band, entire or toothed distally or to leaf base, teeth single or paired, sharp or blunt, of 1 (–4) cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;cusp shape">apex acute, obtuse, acuminate, or rounded, sometimes emarginate or retuse, often apiculate, sometimes cuspidate, cusp often toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="costa quantity;costa architecture;costa architecture;costa position;distal abaxial surface architecture or pubescence or relief;distal abaxial surface shape;adaxial surface shape;cell atypical quantity;cell quantity;cell quantity;cell quantity">costa single, excurrent, percurrent, subpercurrent, or ending well before apex, distal abaxial surface smooth or toothed, adaxial surface rarely toothed, teeth of 1 (–3) cells, 1 or 2 stereid bands present, rarely absent, (abaxial stereid band U-shaped in Cinclidium);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="band presence;band presence;cell prominence">alar cells undifferentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell architecture or shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell quantity;medial laminal cell quantity;medial laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief;medial laminal cell architecture;medial laminal cell architecture;diagonal row dehiscence or orientation;wall relief;wall relief">medial laminal cells usually short-elongate, sometimes ± isodiametric, hexagonal, sometimes pentagonal, rarely four-sided, usually 2: 1 or less (3+:1 in Pseudobryum), sometimes in longitudinal or diagonal rows, smooth (mammillose in Trachycystis), collenchymatous or not, walls pitted or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell architecture or shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell quantity;row atypical quantity;row atypical quantity;row quantity">marginal cells usually differentiated, linear, rhomboidal, or rectangular, in (1–) 2–3 (–6) rows.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="marginal cell variability;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition synoicous or dioicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seta quantity;seta quantity;seta shape;seta course;seta course;seta architecture or pubescence or relief;age quantity;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration;age coloration"><b>Seta </b>single or sometimes double or several, yellow, brown, red, yellowish green, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or orange-yellow, sometimes blackish with age, elongate, straight or flexuose, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape"><b>Capsule </b>horizontal to pendent, yellow, brown, yellowish-brown, or yellowish green, elliptic, ovate, subglobose, oblong, or cylindric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">stomata cryptoporous (phaneroporous in Cyrtomnium);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="annulus duration">annulus deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum conic or hemispheric, apiculate, mammillate, or rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="peristome architecture">peristome double, complete;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth shape">exostome teeth 16, usually lanceolate-acuminate, external surface lamellose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="endostome size;basal membrane height;segment architecture;cilium shape">endostome usually equal in size to exostome, basal membrane high, segments often perforate with gaps along keels, cilia nodulose (endostome domed, fused at apex, perforated when mature, with keeled columns distally, alternating with shorter exostome teeth in Cinclidium).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="calyptra shape;calyptra architecture"><b>Calyptra </b>cucullate, usually naked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="spore shape;spore relief;spore relief;spore coloration"><b>Spores </b>spheric, smooth or papillose, brown.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;circumtemperate to circumboreal
|discussion=<p>Genera 12, species 92 (8 genera, 37 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Mniaceae is a diverse family generally characterized by relatively large plants with broad leaves, and with short-elongate or more or less isodiametric laminal cells most often hexagonal and angular. Leaf margins are usually differentiated by a border of elongate cells and range from smooth to strongly toothed. The family is also characterized by a wide degree of morphological variation as a response to environmental conditions, age, or sexuality. Fertile stems are sometimes strikingly different from sterile stems, and female or synoicous plants are sometimes different from male plants. This makes the identification of weakly developed specimens difficult. Many species in the family are fairly common in temperate and boreal habitats in the Northern Hemisphere and are frequently collected in ecologically based surveys.</p><!--
--><p>The following keys stress vegetative traits and are best employed using well-developed, mature plants. Leaf laminal and marginal cell characters were derived by examining cells near mid leaf.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems dendroid
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems not dendroid
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Branch leaves ovate-lanceolate.
|[[Leucolepis|Leucolepis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Branch leaves ligulate or lingulate.
|[[Plagiomnium|Plagiomnium]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Medial laminal cells mammillose; specialized asexual reproduction by flagelliform branches; Alaska.
|[[Trachycystis|Trachycystis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Medial laminal cells smooth; specialized asexual reproduction absent or present, not by flagelliform branches; widespread
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf marginal teeth paired.
|[[Mnium|Mnium]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf marginal teeth single or teeth absent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Medial laminal cells usually 3+:1; marginal cells indistinctly differentiated.
|[[Pseudobryum|Pseudobryum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Medial laminal cells 2:1 or less, rarely longer; marginal cells usually strongly differentiated
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Plagiotropic or arching sterile stems usually present (absent in P. venustum); leaf margins toothed, teeth often well developed and sharp, sometimes nearly absent and blunt; stems lacking red pigmentation.
|[[Plagiomnium|Plagiomnium]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Plagiotropic or arching sterile stems usually absent, occasionally present; leaf margins entire or toothed, teeth weakly developed when present, usually blunt; stems sometimes reddish
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|At least some leaf margins toothed, teeth usually reduced, often appearing as small extensions of distal cell ends.
|[[Mnium|Mnium]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf margins entire
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Macronemata in longitudinal rows, micronemata absent; costal abaxial stereid band U-shaped; endostome segments fused into dome.
|[[Cinclidium|Cinclidium]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Macronemata not in longitudinal rows, micronemata present or absent; costal abaxial stereid band not U-shaped; endostome segments free
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Mature stems brown or black, lacking red pigmentation; leaves ovate or broadly elliptic; margins 1-stratose; stomata phaneroporous.
|[[Cyrtomnium|Cyrtomnium]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Mature stems often red or reddish brown; leaves obovate, elliptic, or rarely ± orbicular; margins 1-4-stratose; stomata cryptoporous.
|[[Rhizomnium|Rhizomnium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mniaceae
|author=Terry T. McIntosh
|authority=Schwagrichen
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Mniaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;circumtemperate to circumboreal
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_344.xml
|adaxial surface shape=toothed
|age coloration=blackish;orange-yellow;reddish-brown;yellowish-brown;yellowish green;red;brown;yellow
|age quantity=several
|annulus duration=deciduous
|apex architecture or shape=cuspidate;apiculate
|apex shape=retuse;emarginate;rounded;acuminate;rounded;acuminate;obtuse;acute
|band presence=absent;absent
|basal membrane height=high
|base shape=not;decurrent
|calyptra architecture=naked
|calyptra shape=cucullate
|capsule coloration=yellowish green;yellowish-brown;yellowish green;yellowish-brown;brown;yellow
|capsule orientation=horizontal;pendent
|capsule shape=cylindric;oblong;cylindric;oblong;subglobose;ovate;elliptic
|cell atypical quantity=1;3
|cell prominence=undifferentiated
|cell quantity=2;1;1;1
|cilium shape=nodulose
|costa architecture=percurrent;excurrent
|costa position=subpercurrent
|costa quantity=single
|cusp shape=toothed
|diagonal row dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|distal abaxial surface architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|distal abaxial surface shape=toothed
|endostome size=equal
|exostome tooth quantity=16
|exostome tooth shape=lanceolate-acuminate
|leaf architecture=ligulate
|leaf arrangement=crowded;distant
|leaf coloration=bluish green;reddish;yellowish green;reddish;yellowish green;green
|leaf orientation=arcuate-recurved;reflexed;arcuate-recurved;reflexed;erect-spreading;spreading;incurved
|leaf prominence or shape=flat
|leaf shape=obovate;ovatelanceolate;obovate;ovatelanceolate;ovate;elliptic;lingulate;spatulate;orbicular;undulate;keeled;undulate;contorted;crisped
|leaf size=larger;small
|margin architecture=multistratose;2-stratose;1-stratose
|margin coloration=reddish-brown;red;reddish-brown;red;brown;green
|margin orientation=recurved
|margin shape=to leaf base;toothed;entire;plane
|marginal cell reproduction=dioicous;synoicous;sexual
|marginal cell shape=rectangular;rhomboidal;rectangular;rhomboidal;linear
|marginal cell variability=differentiated
|medial laminal cell architecture=not;collenchymatous
|medial laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|medial laminal cell architecture or shape=isodiametric;isodiametric
|medial laminal cell quantity=2;1;2
|medial laminal cell shape=pentagonal;hexagonal;short-elongate;pentagonal;hexagonal;short-elongate
|operculum shape=rostrate;mammillate;apiculate;hemispheric;conic;rostrate;mammillate;apiculate;hemispheric;conic;rostrate;mammillate;apiculate;hemispheric;conic;rostrate;mammillate;apiculate;hemispheric;conic
|peristome architecture=complete
|rhizoid architecture=branched;branched
|rhizoid coloration=paler;reddish-brown;brown
|rhizoid growth form=matted
|rhizoid position=proximal
|rhizoid presence=absent;absent
|rhizoid size=smaller;larger
|row atypical quantity=3;6
|row quantity=2;3
|segment architecture=perforate
|seta architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|seta course=flexuose;straight
|seta quantity=sometimes;single
|seta shape=elongate
|spore coloration=brown
|spore relief=papillose;smooth
|spore shape=spheric
|stem architecture=dendroid;branched;simple
|stem coloration=yellowish-brown;black;reddish-brown;black;reddish-brown;brown;yellow-green;green
|stem orientation=inclined;arching;erect
|tooth arrangement=paired
|tooth quantity=single
|tooth shape=blunt;sharp
|tuft density=dense
|wall relief=not;pitted
|whole_organism architecture or fragility=loose
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism size=small;large
}}<!--

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