View source for Mnium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mnium
|accepted_authority=Hedwig
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|place=188, plate 45. 1801
|year=1801
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Mniaceae;Mnium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Mniaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mnium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek mnion, moss
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 10, 186, 216, 222, 224, 225, 243, 658, 659
|treatment_page=page 223
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;tuft architecture"><b>Plants </b>(0.5–) 2–4 (–8) cm, in open to compact tufts or mats.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>red, reddish-brown, or brown, rarely yellowish-brown, erect, simple or branched distally, not dendroid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizoid coloration;rhizoid presence;rhizoid position">rhizoids brown, macronemata mainly proximal, micronemata absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf coloration;leaf coloration;leaf shape;leaf arrangement or shape;leaf shape;leaf architecture;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf prominence or shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf some measurement;proximal leaf size"><b>Leaves </b>green to dark green, sometimes yellowish, often crisped and contorted, sometimes undulate, sometimes spirally twisted when dry, patent, erect-spreading, or spreading, usually ± flat when moist, elliptic, obovate, oblong-ovate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate-spatulate, 1.5–6.5 mm, proximal leaves much smaller;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="base height or length or size;base shape">base short to long-decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin architecture;margin architecture;margin architecture;margin shape;leaf position;tooth arrangement;tooth shape;tooth quantity;tooth size;tooth shape;tooth shape;tooth prominence">margins plane, green, reddish-brown, or brown, 1-stratose or 2-stratose, sometimes multistratose with stereid band, toothed distally or to below mid leaf, teeth usually paired and often sharp, sometimes single, small, and blunt, rarely rounded or indistinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;cusp shape">apex acute, obtuse, rarely rounded, or acuminate, apiculate or sometimes cuspidate, cusp often toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="costa architecture;costa architecture;costa position;costa position;distal abaxial surface architecture or pubescence or relief;distal abaxial surface shape">costa percurrent or excurrent, rarely subpercurrent or ending well before apex, distal abaxial surface smooth or toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell atypical some measurement;medial laminal cell some measurement;medial laminal cell architecture;medial laminal cell architecture;diagonal row dehiscence or orientation;wall relief">medial laminal cells usually elongate or ± isodiametric, sometimes oblong, (10–) 17–50 µm, sometimes in diagonal or longitudinal rows, collenchymatous or not, walls usually not pitted (pitted in M. arizonicum);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="row atypical quantity;row quantity">marginal cells differentiated, linear, short-linear, or rhomboidal, in 1–4 (–5) rows.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties=""><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="marginal cell variability;marginal cell arrangement or course or shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell shape;marginal cell development;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell presence;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition synoicous or dioicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seta quantity;seta some measurement;seta course;seta course;base coloration;base coloration"><b>Seta </b>single, rarely double or triple, usually yellowish and becoming red from base with age, 1–5 cm, straight or flexuose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule coloration;capsule shape;capsule some measurement"><b>Capsule </b>horizontal to pendent, yellow, yellow-brown, or brown, oblong-cylindric, 2–7 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum conic-mammillate or conic-rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration">exostome brown, greenish yellow, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or purplish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="endostome coloration;endostome coloration">endostome yellowish or brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="spore some measurement"><b>Spores </b>15–40 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);South America;Eurasia;Africa;circumboreal
|discussion=<p>Species 19 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In most cases, Mnium is distinguished from other genera of Mniaceae by the presence of paired teeth along the leaf margins. However, M. blyttii and M. stellare usually have single, indistinct marginal teeth, and leaves may lack teeth altogether. Trachycystis flagellaris also has paired marginal teeth but is readily distinguished by mammillose laminal cells. Depauperate plants of M. arizonicum and M. thomsonii, but also, in a few cases, M. marginatum, have leaves with only a few single, small teeth. Although Mnium is characterized by a wide range in morphological variation related to environmental conditions, plant age, and sexuality (T. J. Koponen 1974), most vigorous collections with well-developed leaves should be readily identified.</p><!--
--><p>Blue postmortal color (mnioindigon) is often used to separate Mnium blyttii and M. stellare from other species of Mnium. Although often observed in younger collections when leaves are soaked only in water, it is most readily observed in older specimens if plants are dipped sequentially in alcohol (70–90%), 2% KOH, and water.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Marginal cells in 1-2(-3) rows; margins 1-stratose, rarely 2-stratose in short sections; margins entire or weakly toothed distally, teeth single or rarely paired, small, blunt; blue postmortal color often present in laminal cells
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Marginal cells usually in more than 2 rows; margins 1- to multistratose, toothed often to below mid leaf, teeth usually paired, usually large and sharp, rarely nearly absent; blue postmortal color absent from laminal cells
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves usually more than 2.5 mm; marginal cells linear; plants usually more than 2 cm.
|[[Mnium blyttii|Mnium blyttii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves usually less than 2.5 mm; marginal cells short-linear or rhomboidal; plants usually less than 2 cm.
|[[Mnium stellare|Mnium stellare]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Laminal cell walls pitted; marginal cells short-linear or rhomboidal.
|[[Mnium arizonicum|Mnium arizonicum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Laminal cell walls not pitted; marginal cells linear
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves to 6 mm; costa ending well before apex or occasionally percurrent, distal abaxial surface strongly toothed, adaxial surface occasionally toothed; e North America.
|[[Mnium hornum|Mnium hornum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves usually to 4(-5) mm; costa percurrent or excurrent, abaxial surface toothed or smooth, adaxial surface smooth (rarely toothed in M. spinosum); mostly widespread
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Medial laminal cells (10-)14-22(-25) µm.
|[[Mnium thomsonii|Mnium thomsonii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Medial laminal cells mostly more than 25 µm
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves usually obovate; marginal teeth long, sharp, usually restricted to distal 1/2 of leaf; margins multistratose with stereid band; laminal cells not collenchymatous.
|[[Mnium spinulosum|Mnium spinulosum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, rarely obovate; marginal teeth large or small, sharp or blunt, usually to below mid leaf; margins 2- or multistratose, stereid band usually absent (present in M. spinosum); laminal cells collenchymatous or not
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Laminal cells not or weakly collenchymatous; marginal teeth large, sharp; arctic or alpine.
|[[Mnium spinosum|Mnium spinosum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Laminal cells usually strongly collenchymatous; marginal teeth small to large, sharp or blunt; widespread
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong; marginal teeth long, sharp, occasionally short and blunt; costae with distal abaxial surface toothed; sexual condition dioicous.
|[[Mnium lycopodioides|Mnium lycopodioides]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves usually ovate-elliptic; marginal teeth small to large, blunt or occasionally sharp; costae usually smooth, on well-developed leaves distal abaxial surface rarely with few blunt teeth; sexual condition synoicous or rarely dioicous.
|[[Mnium marginatum|Mnium marginatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mnium
|author=Terry T. McIntosh;Steven G. Newmaster
|authority=Hedwig
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Mniaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);South America;Eurasia;Africa;circumboreal
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|publication year=1801
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_355.xml
|genus=Mnium
|apex architecture or shape=cuspidate;apiculate
|apex shape=acuminate;rounded;acuminate;rounded;obtuse;acute
|base coloration=red;yellowish
|base height or length or size=short
|base shape=long-decurrent
|capsule coloration=brown;yellow-brown;brown;yellow-brown;yellow
|capsule orientation=horizontal;pendent
|capsule shape=oblong-cylindric
|capsule some measurement=2mm;7mm
|costa architecture=excurrent;percurrent
|costa position=ending well before apex;subpercurrent
|cusp shape=toothed
|diagonal row dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|distal abaxial surface architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|distal abaxial surface shape=toothed
|endostome coloration=brown;yellowish
|exostome coloration=purplish;reddish-brown;purplish;reddish-brown;yellowish-brown;greenish yellow;brown
|leaf architecture=twisted
|leaf arrangement or shape=contorted
|leaf coloration=yellowish;green;dark green
|leaf orientation=spreading;erect-spreading;spreading;erect-spreading;patent
|leaf position=mid
|leaf prominence or shape=flat
|leaf shape=obovate-spatulate;elliptic-lanceolate;ovate;obovate-spatulate;elliptic-lanceolate;ovate;ovate-elliptic;ovate;oblong-ovate;obovate;elliptic;undulate;crisped
|leaf some measurement=1.5mm;6.5mm
|margin architecture=multistratose;2-stratose;1-stratose
|margin coloration=brown;reddish-brown;brown;reddish-brown;green
|margin shape=toothed;plane
|marginal cell arrangement or course or shape=linear
|marginal cell development=specialized
|marginal cell presence=absent
|marginal cell reproduction=dioicous;synoicous;sexual;asexual
|marginal cell shape=rhomboidal;short-linear;rhomboidal;short-linear
|marginal cell variability=differentiated
|medial laminal cell architecture=not;collenchymatous
|medial laminal cell atypical some measurement=10um;17um
|medial laminal cell shape=oblong;isodiametric;elongate
|medial laminal cell some measurement=17um;50um
|operculum shape=conic-rostrate;conic-mammillate
|proximal leaf size=smaller
|rhizoid coloration=brown
|rhizoid position=proximal
|rhizoid presence=absent
|row atypical quantity=4;5
|row quantity=1;4
|seta course=flexuose;straight
|seta quantity=single
|seta some measurement=1cm;5cm
|spore some measurement=15um;40um
|stem architecture=not dendroid;branched;simple
|stem coloration=yellowish-brown;brown;reddish-brown;brown;reddish-brown;red
|stem orientation=erect
|tooth arrangement=paired
|tooth prominence=indistinct
|tooth quantity=single
|tooth shape=rounded;blunt;sharp
|tooth size=small
|tuft architecture=open;compact
|wall relief=pitted
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=4cm;8cm
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism some measurement=2cm;4cm
}}<!--

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