View source for Molluginaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Molluginaceae
|accepted_authority=Rafinesque
|publications=
|common_names=Carpet-weed Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Molluginaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Molluginaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 11, 76
|treatment_page=page 509
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism texture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>[shrubs], annual or perennial, glabrous or pubescent, not or slightly succulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, opposite, or whorled, petiolate [or sessile];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape">blade margins entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule presence;stipule presence">stipules present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary or terminal, cymose or umbellate, or flowers solitary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>usually bisexual, sessile or pedicellate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth position"><b>Perianth </b>hypogynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion">sepals 4–5, distinct to basally connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal presence;petal origin;petal fusion;petal fusion">petals absent, or small and of staminodial origin, distinct or basally connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position;stamen architecture or arrangement;stamen fusion;stamen fusion;series quantity">stamens 2–25, hypogynous, in 1–2 series, sometimes fascicled, distinct or basally connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament shape">filaments filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther fixation;anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence or orientation">anthers versatile, 4-locular, dehiscence introrse, longitudinal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pollen dehiscence">pollen 3-aperturate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="carpel quantity;carpel fusion">pistils of 1–5 connate carpels;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pistil placentation;pistil placentation;pistil position;carpel architecture">placentation axile or appearing basal in some 1-ovulate carpels;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1–25 per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma quantity;stigma position;stigma architecture;stigma architecture">stigmas 1 or 3–5, apical, sessile or borne on styles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="capsule architecture;capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>achenes or 3–5-valved loculicidal capsules.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed shape;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>reniform to lenticular, sometimes strophiolate (with hilar appendages);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="endosperm quantity;starch presence">endosperm lacking, starch present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="embryo course">embryo curved.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia
|discussion=<p>Genera 14, species 125 (2 genera, 4 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Molluginaceae are not of great economic importance. Several species of Glinus and Mollugo are weedy, and occasionally some have been used medicinally or as vegetables (A. L. Bogle 1970b; M. E. Endress and V. Bittrich 1993).</p><!--
--><p>The taxonomic placement of genera of Molluginaceae has been problematic, and they have been considered members of the Aizoaceae, Nyctaginaceae, or Phytolaccaceae. Based on phylogenetic lineages derived from rbcL gene sequences, M. W. Chase et al. (1993) showed that Molluginaceae are distinct from Aizoaceae and a sister group to Nyctaginaceae and Phytolaccaceae. Neither Chase et al. nor J. E. Rodman et al. (1984) found evidence supporting a basal position of Molluginaceae relative to the rest of Centrospermae.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=boetsch2002a
|text=Boetsch, J. R. 2002. The Aizoaceae and Molluginaceae of the southeastern United States. Castanea 67: 42–53.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=bogle1970b
|text=Bogle, A. L. 1970b. The genera of Molluginaceae and Aizoaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 431–462.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=endress1993a
|text=Endress, M. E. and V. Bittrich. 1993. Molluginaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 4+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 419–426.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sharma1963a
|text=Sharma, H. P. 1963. Studies in the order Centrospermales. II. Vascular anatomy of the flower of certain species of the Molluginaceae. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 19–32.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants glabrous; sepals distinct to base; seeds lacking strophioles (hilar appendages)
|[[Mollugo|Mollugo]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants stellate-pubescent; sepals connate at base; seeds with strophioles
|[[Glinus|Glinus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Molluginaceae
|author=Michael A. Vincent
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Molluginaceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia
|reference=boetsch2002a;bogle1970b;endress1993a;sharma1963a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_1032.xml
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=4-locular
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|anther dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|anther fixation=versatile
|blade margin architecture or shape=entire
|capsule architecture=3-5-valved
|capsule dehiscence=loculicidal
|carpel architecture=1-ovulate
|carpel fusion=connate
|carpel quantity=1;5
|embryo course=curved
|endosperm quantity=lacking
|filament shape=filiform
|flower architecture=pedicellate;sessile
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|inflorescence architecture=umbellate;cymose
|inflorescence position=terminal;axillary
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite;whorled;opposite;alternate
|ovule quantity=1;25
|perianth position=hypogynous
|petal fusion=connate;distinct
|petal origin=small
|petal presence=absent
|pistil placentation=appearing;axile
|pistil position=basal
|pollen dehiscence=3-aperturate
|seed architecture=strophiolate
|seed shape=reniform;lenticular
|sepal fusion=distinct;basally connate
|sepal quantity=4;5
|series quantity=1;2
|stamen architecture or arrangement=fascicled
|stamen fusion=connate;distinct
|stamen position=hypogynous
|stamen quantity=2;25
|starch presence=absent
|stigma architecture=borne on styles;sessile
|stigma position=apical
|stigma quantity=3;5
|stipule presence=absent;absent
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|whole_organism texture=succulent
}}<!--

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