View source for Momordica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Momordica
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1009. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 440. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Balsam-apple;bitter melon;cundeamor
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cucurbitaceae;Momordica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cucurbitaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Momordica]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin mordicus, biting, alluding to sculptured seed surfaces and margins, appearing as though bitten
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 3, 4, 5
|treatment_page=page 7
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>annual [perennial], monoecious [dioecious], climbing or trailing;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem pubescence;stem pubescence">stems glabrous or hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="root texture">roots fibrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="tendril architecture">tendrils unbranched [2-branched].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>simple or compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade architecture;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;surface architecture">blade broadly ovate or reniform to orbiculate, palmately 3–7 [–9] -lobed, usually pedate, lobes broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, margins coarsely and widely dentate to crenate-dentate or sinuate-dentate, [mucronulate-dentate or remotely denticulate], surfaces eglandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower position"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate flowers solitary, [corymbose, racemose, or umbellate], axillary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture">pistillate flowers solitary, from different axils than staminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncle orientation">peduncles erect at apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract duration;bract shape;bract shape;bract shape;bract shape;bract shape">bracts persistent, ovate-cordate, reniform, or orbiculate-cordate [ovate, rhombic-ovate].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium shape"><b>Flowers:</b> hypanthium obconic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal shape">sepals 5, linear to ovatelanceolate or ovate-acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal atypical some measurement;petal atypical some measurement;petal some measurement;petal pubescence;corolla shape;corolla shape">petals 5, distinct, yellow to bright-yellow [greenish yellow], obovate or oblong [suborbiculate], [5–] 7–25 [–32] mm, glabrous, corolla rotate to broadly and shallowly campanulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: stamens (2–) 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode presence;staminode quantity;staminode architecture or function or pubescence">filaments inserted near hypanthium rim, staminodes absent or 3, glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit architecture;fruit orientation;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit architecture or shape;fruit texture;fruit architecture;fruit relief;fruit relief;fruit shape;fruit pubescence;fruit dehiscence;valve quantity"><b>Fruits </b>berrylike or capsular, pendent, red or red-orange to yellow-orange, oblong-fusiform to ellipsoidal, cylindric or ovoid, beaked, fleshy, thick-walled, irregularly tuberculate to muricate, muriculate, or irregularly smooth-ridged, glabrous, apically dehiscent by 3 valves [indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture;base shape;margin architecture"><b>Seeds </b>10–50, oblong to ovoid-oblong beyond narrowed base, turgid or flattened, red-arillate, margins grooved, surfaces smooth or sculptured.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="surface relief;surface relief;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 11, 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Asia;Africa;Australia;also in Mexico;West Indies;South America;Europe;se Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 59 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Bracts of staminate flowers near peduncle apex, margins dentate to denticulate; leaf lobes and teeth apiculate; fruits 2.5–4(–7) cm.
|[[Momordica balsamina|Momordica balsamina]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Bracts of staminate flowers at or proximal to middle of peduncle, margins entire; leaf lobes and teeth sometimes submucronate but not apiculate; fruits 7–25 cm.
|[[Momordica charantia|Momordica charantia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Momordica
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cucurbitaceae
|distribution=Asia;Africa;Australia;also in Mexico;West Indies;South America;Europe;se Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_2.xml
|genus=Momordica
|base shape=narrowed
|blade architecture=pedate
|blade shape=3-7[-9]-lobed;reniform;orbiculate
|bract duration=persistent
|bract shape=orbiculate-cordate;reniform;orbiculate-cordate;reniform;ovate-cordate
|corolla shape=campanulate;rotate
|flower architecture=staminate;staminate;from different axils than staminate;pistillate;staminate
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary;solitary
|flower position=axillary
|fruit architecture=thick-walled;capsular;berrylike
|fruit architecture or shape=beaked
|fruit coloration=red-orange;yellow-orange
|fruit dehiscence=dehiscent
|fruit orientation=pendent
|fruit pubescence=glabrous
|fruit relief=muriculate;irregularly tuberculate;muricate
|fruit shape=smooth-ridged;oblong-fusiform;ellipsoidal cylindric or ovoid
|fruit texture=fleshy
|hypanthium shape=obconic
|leaf architecture=compound;simple
|lobe shape=ovate-elliptic;ovate-oblong;ovate-elliptic;ovate-oblong;rhombic-ovate;ovate
|margin architecture=grooved
|margin architecture or shape=sinuate-dentate;widely dentate;crenate-dentate
|peduncle orientation=erect
|petal atypical some measurement=25mm;32mm
|petal coloration=yellow;bright-yellow
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal pubescence=glabrous
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=oblong;obovate
|petal some measurement=7mm;25mm
|root texture=fibrous
|seed architecture=red-arillate
|seed quantity=10;50
|seed shape=flattened;turgid;oblong;ovoid-oblong
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=linear;ovatelanceolate or ovate-acuminate
|stamen atypical quantity=2;3
|stamen quantity=3
|staminode architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|staminode presence=absent
|staminode quantity=3
|stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|surface architecture=eglandular
|surface relief=sculptured;smooth
|tendril architecture=unbranched
|valve quantity=3
|whole_organism duration=annual
|whole_organism growth form=plant;climbing
|whole_organism orientation=trailing
|whole_organism reproduction=monoecious
|x chromosome quantity=14;11
}}<!--

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