View source for Nuphar

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Nuphar
|accepted_authority=Smith in J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr.
|place=1: 361. 1809, name conserved
}}
|common_names=Spatterdock;cow-lily;yellow pond-lily;nénuphar
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Nymphaeaceae;Nuphar
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Nymphaeaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Nuphar]]</div></div>
|etymology=ancient Arabic or Persian name
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="rhizome architecture;rhizome growth form"><b>Rhizomes </b>branched, repent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stolon presence">stolons absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf location;leaf location;leaf location;leaf location;leaf location"><b>Leaves </b>floating, submersed, or emersed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;basal lobe arrangement;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade orbiculate to linear, basal lobes divergent to overlapping, margins entire, apex of lobe narrowly obtuse to broadly rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="lobe apex shape;lobe apex position or structure subtype;whole-organism architecture or shape;vein quantity;vein arrangement">primary venation mostly pinnate, basal section of midrib with several parallel veins.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower growth form or location;flower growth form or location"><b>Flowers </b>floating or held above surface of water, opening diurnally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth position;perianth orientation;perianth shape">perianth hypogynous, not spreading, nearly globose at anthesis;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape">sepals 5-9 (-12), outwardly yellow to green, becoming yellow within, often red-tinged, oblong or obovate to somewhat orbiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal quantity;petal arrangement;petal prominence;petal architecture or shape">petals numerous, spirally arranged, inconspicuous, stamenlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen orientation;connective appendage character;connective appendage presence">stamens yellow or red-tinged, inserted below ovary, recurved at dehiscence, distal connective appendage absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ovary length or size">ovary longer than petals and stamens;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="margin shape;appendage presence">stigmatic disk with margin entire to crenate or dentate, appendages absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="peduncle course"><b>Fruits </b>borne on straight peduncles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seed shape;seed some measurement"><b>Seeds </b>ovoid, to 6 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">aril absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="aril presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North temperate;North America;Europe;and Asia
|discussion=<p>Species 10-12, most intergrading and sometimes treated at subspecies rank (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The taxonomy of the genus is problematic. E. O. Beal (1956) departed dramatically from previous North American treatments in recognizing a single polymorphic species, Nuphar lutea (name of European origin), with several subspecies formerly treated as species. Subsequent research (C. E. DePoe and E. O. Beal 1969; E. O. Beal and R. M. Southall 1977) has supported Beal's treatment for some southeastern subspecies, but most other taxa have not been studied as extensively. Beal's treatment, for the most part, has not been adopted in the Northeast and elsewhere in North America or in Europe. Molecular studies of Nuphar currently in progress (D. J. Padgett, pers. comm.) have clearly shown the North American taxa to be distinct from the Eurasian Nuphar lutea; Beal's nomenclature under that taxon cannot be upheld. Continuing to treat those taxa at subspecific rank would require new combinations under Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh, the oldest name that has hitherto been applied only in a geographically restricted sense. Until the molecular studies are completed, creating new names is premature. We therefore return to the previous treatment of the taxa as species.</p><!--
--><p>Prior to conservation in its current sense, the name Nymphaea was frequently used for Nuphar. Although often treated as neuter, Nuphar was originally assigned the feminine gender (W. T. Stearn 1956; H. W. Rickett and F. A. Stafleu 1959).</p><!--
--><p>The name Nymphozanthus Richard has been rejected.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Sepals usually 5–6; fruit deeply constricted below stigmatic disk; stigmatic disk red.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Sepals usually 6–12; fruit slightly or not constricted below stigmatic disk; stigmatic disk green, yellow, or occasionally reddened.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers 1–3 mm; stigmatic disk with 6–10 deep crenations, stigmatic rays terminating 0–0.2 mm from margin of disk, constriction below disk 1.5–5 mm diam.; leaf sinus 2/3 or more length of midrib.
|[[Nuphar microphylla|Nuphar microphylla]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers (2–)3–6 mm; stigmatic disk with 8–15 shallow crenations, stigmatic rays terminating 0–1.6 mm from margin of disk, constriction below disk 5–10 mm diam.; leaf sinus ca. 1/2 length of midrib.
|[[Nuphar rubrodisca|Nuphar rubrodisca]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade more than 2 times as long as wide; sinus less than 1/3 length of midrib.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade to 2 times as long as wide; sinus 1/3 or more length of midrib.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, ca. 2.5 times as long as wide; stigmatic rays ± elliptic.
|[[Nuphar ulvacea|Nuphar ulvacea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade linear to lanceolate, 3–5 times as long as wide; stigmatic rays linear.
|[[Nuphar sagittifolia|Nuphar sagittifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf petiole adaxially flattened and winged along margins; fruit usually purplish; sepals red or maroon at base adaxially.
|[[Nuphar variegata|Nuphar variegata]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf petiole terete or slightly flattened adaxially; fruit mostly greenish or yellowish, rarely reddened; sepals yellow or red at base adaxially.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals usually (6–)9(–12); stigmatic rays terminating within 1(–1.5) mm from margin of disk.
|[[Nuphar polysepala|Nuphar polysepala]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals usually 6; stigmatic rays terminating 1–3 mm from margin of disk.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves mostly floating; leaf blade orbiculate or nearly so, abaxially densely pubescent.
|[[Nuphar orbiculata|Nuphar orbiculata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves mostly emersed; leaf blade ovate to nearly orbiculate, abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent.
|[[Nuphar advena|Nuphar advena]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Nuphar
|authority=Smith in J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Nymphaeaceae
|distribution=North temperate;North America;Europe;and Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=in J. Sibthorp & J. E. Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_96.xml
|genus=Nuphar
|appendage presence=absent
|aril presence=absent
|basal lobe arrangement=divergent;overlapping
|connective appendage character=dehiscence
|connective appendage presence=absent
|flower growth form or location=held above surface;floating
|leaf location=emersed;submersed;emersed;submersed;floating
|leaf-blade shape=orbiculate;linear
|lobe apex position or structure subtype=primary
|lobe apex shape=narrowly obtuse;broadly rounded
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=entire;crenate or dentate
|ovary length or size=longer
|peduncle course=straight
|perianth orientation=not spreading
|perianth position=hypogynous
|perianth shape=globose
|petal architecture or shape=stamenlike
|petal arrangement=arranged
|petal prominence=inconspicuous
|petal quantity=numerous
|rhizome architecture=branched
|rhizome growth form=repent
|seed shape=ovoid
|seed some measurement=0mm;6mm
|sepal atypical quantity=9;12
|sepal coloration=red-tinged;yellow;outwardly yellow;green
|sepal quantity=5;9
|sepal shape=orbiculate;obovate;oblong
|stamen coloration=red-tinged;yellow
|stamen orientation=recurved
|stolon presence=absent
|vein arrangement=parallel
|vein quantity=several
|whole-organism architecture or shape=pinnate
|x chromosome quantity=17
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Nymphaeaceae]]