View source for Onopordum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Onopordum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 827. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 359. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Cotton thistle;onoporde
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Onopordum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Onopordum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek onopordon, name for cotton thistle
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 57, 66, 83, 96
|treatment_page=page 87
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism relief;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration"><b>Biennials,</b> 50–400+ cm, coarse, prickly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>usually erect, ± branched, spiny-winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">winged-petiolate (basal) or sessile (cauline);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade base width;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;tooth architecture;lobe architecture;spine fragility or size">blade bases narrowing, margins pinnately lobed or divided and dentate, teeth and lobes tipped with stout spines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="array architecture"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement">(peduncles 0 or spiny winged).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape"><b>Involucres </b>hemispheric to ovoid or spheric.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;phyllary architecture or shape;phyllary shape;phyllary position;phyllary position;phyllary orientation;phyllary orientation;series quantity;spine fragility"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 8–10+ series, linear to ovate, entire, tapered to stiff spines, middle and outer often spreading or reflexed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture;receptacle pubescence;receptacle relief;pit shape"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to convex, epaleate, not bristly, alveolate with apically fringed pits.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture;corolla architecture;tube size;throat shape;throat shape;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas white or purple, actinomorphic or weakly zygmorphic, tubes slender, throats cylindric or narrowly goblet-shaped, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases acute-tailed, apical appendages subulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="portion fusion;portion length or size;portion shape;portion relief;node pubescence;portion fusion;portion size">style-branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, long, cylindric, minutely papillate, distinct portions minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela relief or texture;cypsela pubescence;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>± cylindric, 4–5-angled, usually ± transversely roughened, glabrous, attachment scars basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="bristle shape;bristle shape;bristle shape">pappi falling in ring, of many barbed or plumose bristles, basally connate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus life cycle;pappus fusion;x chromosome quantity">x = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 25–60 (3 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=dress1966a
|text=Dress, W. J. 1966. Notes on the cultivated Compositae 9. Onopordum. Baileya 14: 74–86.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Herbage green, ± sticky-glandular
|[[Onopordum tauricum|Onopordum tauricum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Herbage ± canescent-tomentose
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves dentate to shallowly pinnatifid; phyllaries linear, bases 2–2.5 mm wide.
|[[Onopordum acanthium|Onopordum acanthium]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves shallowly to ± deeply 1–2 pinnatifid; phyllaries lanceolate to ovate, bases 3–8 mm wide
|[[Onopordum illyricum|Onopordum illyricum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Onopordum
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Eurasia
|introduced=true
|reference=dress1966a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_34.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Onopordum
|anther base shape=acute-tailed
|apical appendage shape=subulate
|array architecture=corymbiform
|attachment scar position=basal
|blade base width=narrowing
|bristle shape=plumose;barbed;many
|corolla architecture=zygmorphic;actinomorphic
|corolla coloration=purple;white
|cypsela pubescence=glabrous
|cypsela relief or texture=roughened
|cypsela shape=4-5-angled;cylindric
|floret quantity=many
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in corymbiform arrays;singly
|involucre shape=hemispheric;ovoid or spheric
|leaf architecture=sessile;winged-petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe architecture=tipped
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|margin architecture or shape=dentate
|margin shape=divided;lobed
|node pubescence=hairy
|pappus fusion=connate
|pappus life cycle=falling
|phyllary architecture or shape=entire
|phyllary orientation=reflexed;spreading
|phyllary position=outer;middle
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary shape=tapered;linear;ovate
|pit shape=fringed
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion length or size=long
|portion relief=papillate
|portion shape=cylindric
|portion size=minute
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle pubescence=not bristly
|receptacle relief=alveolate
|receptacle shape=flat;convex
|series quantity=8;10
|spine fragility=stiff
|spine fragility or size=stout
|stem architecture=spiny-winged;branched
|stem orientation=erect
|throat shape=goblet--shaped;cylindric
|tooth architecture=tipped
|tube size=slender
|whole-organism architecture=prickly
|whole-organism duration=biennial
|whole-organism relief=coarse
|whole-organism some measurement=50cm;400cm
|x chromosome quantity=17
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]