View source for Orthotrichaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Orthotrichaceae
|accepted_authority=Schimper
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orthotrichaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orthotrichaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 10, 12, 39, 43
|treatment_page=page 37
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism reflectance;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>small to large, in tufts, cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish-brown, or olive brown, dull.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem shape;stem growth form or orientation;branch quantity;branch orientation;branch orientation;branch architecture;branch shape"><b>Stems </b>erect-ascending and often 2-fid, or creeping, branches many, erect or ascending, simple or 2-fid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="outer cell-wall width;central strand presence;inner cell variability;wall width">outer cell-walls thick, central strand absent, inner cells uniform, walls thin.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf fixation or orientation;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf course;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>erect-appressed, crowded, spirally twisted, flexuose, crisped, or contorted when dry, erect-spreading to squarrose-recurved when moist, ovatelanceolate, ligulate-oblong, or lanceolate-linear, ± channeled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="base shape">base not decurrent (decurrent in Zygodon);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape or vernation;margin orientation;margin architecture or shape;margin shape">margins usually plane to revolute, rarely involute to erect, entire or sometimes denticulate near apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape">apex rounded-obtuse, acute, occasionally acuminate, apiculate, or awned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">costa strong, ending near apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="costa fragility;cell variability">alar cells rarely differentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape;basal laminal cell shape">basal laminal cells rectangular, elongate-linear, quadrate, rounded, or elliptic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="distal cell shape;distal cell shape;distal cell size;papilla atypical quantity;papilla quantity;papilla shape;papilla shape;papilla relief;papilla relief">distal cells rounded-hexagonal, rarely rectangular, usually small, papillae 1–4 (–6) per cell, conic or 2-fid, rarely smooth or mammillose, walls often incrassate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="gemma reproduction;gemma quantity"><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction occasional, by gemmae.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="wall size;wall development;wall reproduction;wall reproduction;wall reproduction;wall reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition usually gonioautoicous or dioicous, rarely pseudautoicous or cladautoicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="perigonium position;perigonium position;perigonium architecture or shape;perigonium size;plant height;plant reproduction">perigonia terminal or lateral, sometimes occurring on dwarf male plants, budlike, large;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="perichaetium position or structure subtype;perichaetium architecture;perichaetial leaf size">perichaetia terminal, further branching occurring by innovations, perichaetial leaves sometimes larger than stem-leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seta orientation;seta orientation;seta orientation;seta architecture or pubescence or relief;seta pubescence or relief"><b>Seta </b>erect, dextrorse or sinistrorse, smooth or rarely rough.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule prominence;capsule location;capsule position;capsule shape;capsule architecture or shape;capsule architecture or pubescence or relief;capsule architecture or shape;capsule architecture or shape;capsule size"><b>Capsule </b>erect, immersed, emergent, or exserted, ovate to cylindric-fusiform, symmetric, smooth or 8-ribbed, rarely 16-ribbed, sometimes constricted below mouth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="exothecial cell shape;exothecial cell variability">exothecial cells rectangular to elliptic, often differentiated into bands;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stoma position;stoma prominence;stoma development;capsule position">stomata superficial or immersed, usually below mid capsule, well developed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="annulus development;annulus presence">annulus poorly developed or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum convex to conic, rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="peristome quantity;peristome prominence;peristome presence">peristome double, single, rudimentary or rarely absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="prostome presence;prostome prominence">prostome sometimes present, usually fragmentary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth fusion;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth orientation;exostome tooth shape;exostome tooth width;exostome tooth relief;exostome tooth relief;pair quantity">exostome teeth 16, usually connate in 8 pairs, erect, recurved, or reflexed, lanceolate, thick, densely papillose or striate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="endostome segment quantity;endostome segment quantity;endostome segment presence;endostome segment coloration;endostome segment width;endostome segment shape;endostome segment arrangement;form fusion;membrane prominence;cilium presence">endostome segments 8 or 16 when present, hyaline, thin, linear-lanceolate, alternating with exostome teeth or connate to form rudimentary membrane, cilia absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="calyptra shape;calyptra shape;calyptra size;calyptra prominence;calyptra pubescence;calyptra architecture;calyptra architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;calyptra architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation"><b>Calyptra </b>mitrate or rarely cucullate, usually large and conspicuous, hairy or naked, plicate or not.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties=""><b>Spores </b>isosporous or anisosporous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide
|discussion=<p>Genera 22, species ca. 380 (9 genera, 71 species in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants in dense cushions; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate; distal laminal cells papillose over lumina and transverse walls.
|[[Amphidium|Amphidium]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants in tufts, loose cushions, or mats; leaves lanceolate-ligulate or broader; distal laminal cells smooth or mammillose to papillose only over lumina
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants in tufts or loose cushions; stems and branches erect to ascending (stems creeping in Orthotrichum kellmanii)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants usually in loose mats; stems creeping, branches ascending or erect
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Distal laminal cell papillae 2-6, clavate (cells smooth in Z. menziesii); setae 3-13 mm; capsules long-exserted; calyptrae cucullate.
|[[Zygodon|Zygodon]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Distal laminal cells smooth or papillae 1-4, 2-fid, conic, or clavate; setae 1-10 mm; capsules immersed to exserted; calyptrae mitrate
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves erect-appressed and straight when dry; marginal laminal cells gradually shorter than basal; calyptrae covering entire capsule; stomata superficial or immersed.
|[[Orthotrichum|Orthotrichum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves straight and not crisped to flexuose and crisped when dry; marginal laminal cells abruptly shorter than basal; calyptrae covering 1/2 capsule; stomata superficial.
|[[Ulota|Ulota]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Marginal laminal cells distinct from basal; basal laminal cells oblate to rounded.
|[[Groutiella|Groutiella]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Marginal laminal cells not distinct from basal; basal laminal cells elongate, quadrate, rounded, or elliptic
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptrae cucullate; leaves broadly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, not rugose; spores multicellular.
|[[Drummondia|Drummondia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptrae mitrate; leaves ligulate or lanceolate, rugose or not; spores unicellular
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Distal laminal cells 5-9 µm, in diagonal rows; calyptrae not plicate, basal lobes 4-6.
|[[Schlotheimia|Schlotheimia]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Distal laminal cells 7-12 µm, in vertical rows; calyptrae plicate or obscurely plicate, basal lobes many
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Capsules oblong-cylindric to fusiform; leaves erect-appressed, not contorted when dry; margins entire; basal laminal cells rounded to elliptic.
|[[Macrocoma|Macrocoma]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Capsules ovate to ovate-oblong; leaves strongly crisped and inrolled, rarely erect-appressed when dry; margins entire to crenulate; basal laminal cells rectangular to elongate-linear.
|[[Macromitrium|Macromitrium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Orthotrichaceae
|author=Dale H. Vitt
|authority=Schimper
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orthotrichaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Nearly worldwide
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_41.xml
|annulus development=developed
|annulus presence=absent
|apex architecture or shape=awned;apiculate;awned;apiculate
|apex shape=acuminate;acute;rounded-obtuse
|basal laminal cell shape=elliptic;rounded;elliptic;rounded;quadrate;elongate-linear;rectangular
|base shape=not decurrent
|branch architecture=simple
|branch orientation=ascending;erect
|branch quantity=many
|branch shape=2-fid
|calyptra architecture=naked
|calyptra architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=not;plicate
|calyptra prominence=conspicuous
|calyptra pubescence=hairy
|calyptra shape=cucullate;mitrate
|calyptra size=large
|capsule architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|capsule architecture or shape=16-ribbed;8-ribbed;symmetric
|capsule location=emergent
|capsule orientation=erect
|capsule position=mid;exserted
|capsule prominence=immersed
|capsule shape=ovate;cylindric-fusiform
|capsule size=constricted
|cell variability=differentiated
|central strand presence=absent
|cilium presence=absent
|costa fragility=strong
|distal cell shape=rectangular;rounded-hexagonal
|distal cell size=small
|endostome segment arrangement=alternating
|endostome segment coloration=hyaline
|endostome segment presence=absent
|endostome segment quantity=16;8
|endostome segment shape=linear-lanceolate
|endostome segment width=thin
|exostome tooth fusion=connate
|exostome tooth orientation=reflexed;recurved;reflexed;recurved;erect
|exostome tooth quantity=16
|exostome tooth relief=striate;papillose
|exostome tooth shape=lanceolate
|exostome tooth width=thick
|exothecial cell shape=rectangular;elliptic
|exothecial cell variability=differentiated
|form fusion=connate
|gemma quantity=occasional
|gemma reproduction=asexual
|inner cell variability=uniform
|leaf architecture=twisted
|leaf arrangement=crowded
|leaf course=flexuose
|leaf fixation or orientation=erect-appressed
|leaf orientation=erect-spreading;squarrose-recurved
|leaf shape=channeled;lanceolate-linear;ligulate-oblong;lanceolate-linear;ligulate-oblong;ovatelanceolate;contorted;crisped;contorted;crisped
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin orientation=erect
|margin shape=denticulate;plane to revolute;plane
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|membrane prominence=rudimentary
|operculum shape=rostrate;convex;conic
|outer cell-wall width=thick
|pair quantity=8
|papilla atypical quantity=4;6
|papilla quantity=1;4
|papilla relief=mammillose;smooth
|papilla shape=2-fid;conic
|perichaetial leaf size=sometimes larger
|perichaetium architecture=branching
|perichaetium position or structure subtype=terminal
|perigonium architecture or shape=budlike
|perigonium position=lateral;terminal
|perigonium size=large
|peristome presence=absent
|peristome prominence=rudimentary
|peristome quantity=single
|plant height=dwarf
|plant reproduction=male
|prostome presence=absent
|prostome prominence=fragmentary
|seta architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|seta orientation=sinistrorse;dextrorse;erect
|seta pubescence or relief=rough
|stem growth form or orientation=creeping
|stem orientation=erect-ascending
|stem shape=2-fid
|stoma development=developed
|stoma position=superficial
|stoma prominence=immersed
|wall development=specialized
|wall reproduction=cladautoicous;pseudautoicous;dioicous;sexual
|wall size=incrassate
|wall width=thin
|whole_organism coloration=olive brown;reddish-brown;olive brown;reddish-brown;dark green
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism reflectance=dull
|whole_organism size=small;large
}}<!--

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