View source for Oryza ← Oryza You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Oryza |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae;Poaceae tribe Oryzeae;Oryza |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Oryza]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 37 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">usually aquatic, rooted and emergent or floating, sometimes terrestrial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">rhizomatous and/or cespitose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism location;whole_organism growth form or location;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form">synoecious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="culm atypical some measurement;culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm growth form or orientation;culm growth form or orientation;culm growth form or orientation;culm growth form or orientation;culm architecture;culm architecture;culm location;culm prominence;culm architecture;culm architecture"><b>Culms </b>to 3.3 (5) m, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, aerenchymatous, emergent or immersed, branched or unbranched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>cauline and basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sheath architecture;lower sheath shape;upper sheath shape">sheaths open, lower sheaths often slightly inflated, upper sheaths not inflated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles usually present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture">ligules membranous, often veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="pseudopetiole presence">pseudopetioles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="blade shape;blade prominence or shape;margin relief;margin relief">blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, flat, margins smooth or scabridulous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="floret reproduction;taxon habitat;spikelet architecture;taxon condition">disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets in wild taxa, spikelets of cultivated taxa not disarticulating.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet shape;floret quantity;lower floret quantity;floret reproduction;terminal floret function"><b>Spikelets </b>bisexual, laterally compressed, with 3 florets, lower 2 florets sterile, terminal floret functional.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="glume presence;glume size"><b>Glumes </b>absent or reduced to lobes at the pedicel apices;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="floret reproduction;floret architecture or shape;floret some measurement;floret quantity;floret shape;floret texture;floret architecture;floret shape">sterile florets glumelike, 1.2-10 mm, 1/8 - 1/2 (9/10) as long as the spikelets, linear or subulate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, 1-veined, acute to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="callus prominence;callus shape;callus prominence;callus shape;callus pubescence">functional florets: calluses usually inconspicuous and flat to rounded, sometimes conspicuous and stipelike, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma texture;lemma architecture;lemma shape;row orientation;row arrangement;furrow dehiscence or orientation;margin architecture or fixation;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape">lemmas coriaceous or indurate, with vertical rows of tubercles separated by longitudinal furrows, 5-veined, keeled, margins clasping the margins of the paleas, apices obtuse or acute to acuminate, awned or unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="palea architecture">paleas with surfaces similar to the lemmas, 3-veined, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="lodicule quantity">lodicules 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="style quantity;base fusion;base fusion;stigma position;stigma shape">styles 2, bases fused or not, stigmas laterally exserted, plumose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="caryopse shape"><b>Caryopses </b>laterally compressed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="embryo quantity">embryos usually ¼ - 1/3 as long as the caryopses;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="hilum arrangement or course or shape;x chromosome quantity">hila linear, x = 12.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo. |discussion=<p>Oryza is a tropical and subtropical genus of about 20 species that grow in shallow water, swamps, and marshes in seasonally inundated areas, or along streams, rivers, or lake edges. Oryza sativa (rice) is one of the three most economically valuable cereals, and constitutes a major portion of the diet for half of the world's population. In the Flora region, O. sativa is cultivated and several weedy forms have become established. These are thought to be derived from introgression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon and O. punctata. The latter two species and O. longistaminata are included here because of the threat they pose to cultivated rice.</p><!-- --><p>Spikelets of Oryza have sometimes been interpreted as comprising one functional and two sterile florets with two highly reduced glumes (Duistermat 1987), sometimes as comprising a single floret, subtended by two glumes borne on a bilobed pedicel (Terrell et al. 2001). Molecular developmental studies (Komatsu et al. 2003) show that the former interpretation is correct.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=duistermaat1987a |text=Duistermaat, H. 1987. A revision of Oryza (Gramineae) in Malesia and Australia. Blumea 32:157-193 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=komatsu2003a |text=Komatsu, M., A. Chujo, Y. Nagato, K. Shimamoto, and J. Kyozuka. 2003. FRIZZY PANICLE is required to prevent the formation of axillary meristems and to establish floral meristem identity in rice spikelets. Development 130:3841-3850 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=launert1971a |text=Launert, E. 1971. Oryza L. Pp. 31-36 in A. Fernande, E. Launert, and H. Wild (eds.). Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 101. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, England. 152 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=londo2006a |text=Londo, J.P., Y.-C. Chiang, K.-H. Hung, T.-Y. Chiang, and B.A. Schaal. 2006. Phylogeography of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. [PNAS] 103(25):9578-9583 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=lu2000a |text=Lu, B.-R., E.B. Naredo, A.B. Juliano, and M.T. Jackson. 2000. Preliminary studies on taxonomy and biosystematics of the AA genome Oryza species (Poaceae). Pp. 51-58 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 406 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell2001a |text=Terrell, E.E., P.M. Peterson and W.P. Wergin. 2001. Epidermal features and spikelet micromorphology in Oryza and related genera (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 91. 50 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=vaughan1989a |text=Vaughan, D.A. 1989. The Genus Oryza L.-Current Status of Taxonomy. International Rice Research Institute Research Paper Series 138. International Rice Research Institute, Los Bafios, Laguna, Philippines. 21 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Ligules truncate to rounded, 1.5-10 mm long; sterile florets 1.2-2 mm long; disarticulation scar centric or slightly eccentric |[[Oryza punctata|Oryza punctata]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Ligules acute, 4-45 mm long; sterile florets 1.3-10 mm long; disarticulation scar lateral. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Anthers 1-2.5 mm long; spikelets persistent; lemmas usually unawned, plants not rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 5 mm long; blades 5-20 mm wide |[[Oryza sativa|Oryza sativa]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Anthers 3.5-7.4 mm long; spikelets deciduous; lemmas awned; plants usually rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 15 mm long; blades 7-50 mm wide. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Caryopses 5-7 mm long; lemma-awn junctions purplish, pubescent; lemma awns 4-16 cm long; plants cespitose or rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 7 mm long |[[Oryza rufipogon|Oryza rufipogon]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Caryopses 7.5-8.5 mm long; lemma-awn junctions similar in color to the lemmas, glabrous; lemma awns 2.6-8 cm long; plants strongly rhizomatous; auricles present, to 15 mm long |[[Oryza longistaminata|Oryza longistaminata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Oryza |author=Mary E. Barkworth;Edward E. Terrell; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo. |reference=duistermaat1987a;komatsu2003a;launert1971a;londo2006a;lu2000a;terrell2001a;vaughan1989a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_35.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Oryzeae |genus=Oryza |anther quantity=6 |apex architecture or shape=unawned;awned |apex shape=acute;acuminate |auricle presence=absent |base fusion=not;fused |blade prominence or shape=flat |blade shape=linear;narrowly lanceolate |callus prominence=conspicuous;inconspicuous |callus pubescence=glabrous |callus shape=stipelike;flat;rounded |caryopse shape=compressed |culm architecture=unbranched;branched;aerenchymatous;rooting |culm atypical some measurement=5 |culm growth form or orientation=prostrate;decumbent;prostrate;decumbent |culm location=emergent |culm orientation=erect |culm prominence=immersed |culm some measurement=0m;3.3m |embryo quantity=1/3 |floret architecture=1-veined |floret architecture or shape=glumelike |floret quantity=1/8;1/29/10 |floret reproduction=sterile;sterile;sterile |floret shape=acute;acuminate |floret some measurement=1.2mm;10mm |floret texture=coriaceous |furrow dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal |glume presence=absent |glume size=reduced |hilum arrangement or course or shape=linear |leaf position=basal;cauline |lemma architecture=5-veined |lemma shape=keeled |lemma texture=indurate;coriaceous |ligule architecture=veined |ligule texture=membranous |lodicule quantity=2 |lower floret quantity=2 |lower sheath shape=inflated |margin architecture or fixation=clasping |margin relief=scabridulous;smooth |palea architecture=3-veined |pseudopetiole presence=absent |row arrangement=separated |row orientation=vertical |sheath architecture=open |spikelet architecture=not disarticulating |spikelet reproduction=bisexual |spikelet shape=compressed |stigma position=exserted |stigma shape=plumose |style quantity=2 |taxon condition=cultivated |taxon habitat=wild |terminal floret function=functional |upper sheath shape=not inflated |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous;rooted |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose |whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial;aquatic |whole_organism growth form or location=floating |whole_organism location=emergent |whole_organism reproduction=synoecious |x chromosome quantity=12 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Oryza.