View source for Ostrya ← Ostrya You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Ostrya |accepted_authority=Scopoli |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Fl. Carniol., |place=414. 1760, name conserved }} |common_names=Hop-hornbeam |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae;Ostrya |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ostrya]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin ostrya, hop-hornbeam, from Greek ostryos, scale, in reference to the scaly infructescences |volume=Volume 3 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees,</b> 9–18 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk quantity;trunk architecture;trunk architecture or texture;trunk shape;branch shape">trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunk and branches terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark width;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;strip pubescence;strip orientation;scale pubescence;scale orientation"><b>Bark </b>of trunk and branches brownish gray to light-brown, thin, smooth, breaking and shredding into shaggy vertical strips and scales;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="lenticel prominence">lenticels generally inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="wood coloration;wood texture;wood texture"><b>Wood </b>nearly white to light-brown, very hard and heavy, texture fine.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="twig arrangement"><b>Branches,</b> branchlets, and twigs conspicuously 2-ranked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="twig life cycle;twig variability;short-shoot length or size">young twigs differentiated into long and short-shoots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud season;bud architecture;bud shape;bud shape;apex shape"><b>Winter </b>buds sessile, ovoid, somewhat laterally compressed, apex acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="scale quantity;scale arrangement;scale coloration or pubescence or relief">scales many, imbricate, longitudinally striate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="leaf arrangement;short-shoot length or size"><b>Leaves </b>on long and short-shoots, 2-ranked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;lateral-vein width;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or obovate with 10 or more pairs of lateral-veins, 2.5–13 × 1.5–6 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate to serrulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="surface pubescence">surfaces abaxially glabrous to tomentose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin position or structure subtype;catkin prominence;catkin size;season growth order"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate catkins terminal on branches, mostly in small, racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and exposed during winter, expanding with leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin position;catkin architecture;catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form;catkin orientation;catkin shape;growth height or length or size;growth position;growth architecture;growth life cycle;bract arrangement or density;flower arrangement or density">pistillate catkins proximal to staminate on short, lateral, leafy new growth, solitary, ± erect, elongate, bracts and flowers uncrowded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;flower arrangement;catkin quantity;receptacle pubescence"><b>Staminate </b>flowers in catkins 3 per bract, crowded together on pilose receptacle;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size">stamens 3 (–6), short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="filament shape;filament dehiscence">filaments often divided part-way to base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="anther shape;anther architecture or structure in adjective form;part quantity;apex pubescence">anthers divided into 2 parts, each 1-locular, apex pilose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="flower architecture;flower quantity"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers 2 per bract.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="bract condition;bract shape"><b>Infructescences </b>loosely imbricate, strobiloid clusters of closed inflated bracts;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="infructescence arrangement;infructescence architecture;infructescence arrangement;infructescence arrangement;infructescence orientation;infructescence shape">clusters pendulous, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="bract duration;bract shape;bract shape;fruit quantity">bracts deciduous with fruit, inflated, bladderlike, each bract enclosing 1 fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="nutlet size;sepal duration"><b>Fruits </b>small nutlets, ovoid, longitudinally ribbed, often crowned with persistent sepals and styles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit architecture or shape;fruit architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Mostly north temperate zones |discussion=<p>Species ca. 5 (3 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>In North America Ostrya consists of small trees in the northern temperate deciduous forest zone and in the mountains of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Mexican populations have generally been treated as conspecific with O. virginiana of eastern United States and Canada. They differ in various respects, however, including leaf shape and indumentum; the morphologic variation and phytogeography of the complex as a whole should be carefully examined. Ostrya carpinifolia Scopoli is a common and important forest tree of southern Europe.</p><!-- --><p>Ostrya shares many features with Carpinus. The staminate catkins in most species of Ostrya are produced the season before anthesis but, unlike Carpinus, they are exposed during the winter. Dispersal occurs as it does in Carpinus, except that the bracts form closed, bladderlike structures rather than flat wings.</p><!-- --><p>The wood of Ostrya is used for fuel, fence posts, and various other purposes. It was formerly utilized for manufacturing items subject to prolonged friction, including sleigh runners, wheel rims, and airplane propellers. Because of its hardness, it has been used for tool handles, mallet heads, and other hard wooden objects.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaf blade (5–)8–10(–13) cm, apex usually abruptly acuminate; infructescences 3.5–6.5 cm; e, nc United States, adjacent Canada. |[[Ostrya virginiana|Ostrya virginiana]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaf blade 2.5–6.5 cm, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded; infructescences 2–4 cm; sw United States. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic to nearly orbiculate; petiole and young twigs often bearing stipitate glands; staminate catkins 2–3 cm; w Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah. |[[Ostrya knowltonii|Ostrya knowltonii]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate; petiole and young twigs without stipitate glands; staminate catkins 3.5–5 cm; endemic to Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park, Texas. |[[Ostrya chisosensis|Ostrya chisosensis]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Ostrya |authority=Scopoli |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Betulaceae |distribution=Mostly north temperate zones |reference=None |publication title=Fl. Carniol., |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_3.xml |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae |genus=Ostrya |anther architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular |anther shape=divided |apex pubescence=pilose |apex shape=acute |bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |bark coloration=brownish gray;light-brown |bark width=thin |bract arrangement or density=uncrowded |bract condition=closed |bract duration=deciduous |bract shape=bladderlike;inflated;inflated |branch shape=terete |bud architecture=sessile |bud season=winter |bud shape=compressed;ovoid |catkin architecture=staminate;pistillate;staminate |catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |catkin orientation=erect |catkin position=proximal |catkin position or structure subtype=terminal |catkin prominence=exposed |catkin quantity=3 |catkin shape=elongate |catkin size=expanding |filament dehiscence=part-way |filament shape=divided |flower architecture=pistillate;staminate |flower arrangement=crowded |flower arrangement or density=uncrowded |flower quantity=2 |fruit architecture=crowned |fruit architecture or shape=ribbed |fruit quantity=1 |fruit shape=ovoid |growth architecture=leafy |growth height or length or size=short |growth life cycle=new |growth position=lateral |infructescence architecture=strobiloid |infructescence arrangement=cluster;cluster;imbricate |infructescence orientation=pendulous |infructescence shape=elongate |lateral-vein width=1.5cm;6cm |leaf arrangement=2-ranked |leaf-blade length=2.5cm;13cm |leaf-blade shape=narrowly ovate;ovate elliptic or obovate |leaf-blade width=thin |lenticel prominence=inconspicuous |margin architecture or shape=doubly serrate;serrulate |nutlet size=small |part quantity=2 |receptacle pubescence=pilose |scale arrangement=imbricate |scale coloration or pubescence or relief=striate |scale orientation=vertical |scale pubescence=shaggy |scale quantity=many |season growth order=previous |sepal duration=persistent |short-shoot length or size=long;long |stamen atypical quantity=3;6 |stamen height or length or size=short |stamen quantity=3 |strip orientation=vertical |strip pubescence=shaggy |surface pubescence=abaxially glabrous;tomentose |trunk architecture=branching |trunk architecture or texture=deliquescent |trunk quantity=1 |trunk shape=terete |twig arrangement=2-ranked |twig life cycle=young |twig variability=differentiated |whole_organism growth form=tree |whole_organism some measurement=9m;18m |wood coloration=nearly white;light-brown |wood texture=fine;hard |x chromosome quantity=8 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betulaceae subfam. 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