View source for Pharus ← Pharus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Pharus |accepted_authority=P. Browne |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae;Poaceae tribe Phareae;Pharus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Phareae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pharus]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 12 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, some apparently monocarpic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">rhizomatous, sometimes cespitose or stoloniferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form">monoecious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>10-130 cm, erect to decumbent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="internode architecture;prop-root prominence">internodes solid, frequently with prominent prop-roots at the lower nodes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath pubescence"><b>Sheaths </b>open, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule texture;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules usually scarious, sometimes membranous and ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pseudopetiole prominence;pseudopetiole architecture">pseudopetioles conspicuous, twisted 180° distally, inverting the blades;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;blade width;blade coloration or relief;lateral-vein orientation">blades linear to ovate, usually broad, usually tessellate, lateral-veins diverging obliquely from the midvein.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles, ovate, open;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="rachis architecture;spikelet architecture">rachises terminating in a staminate spikelet or naked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="hair shape;spikelet fixation or orientation">branches with uncinate hairs, spikelets appressed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet growth form;spikelet sexes;spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>unisexual, dimorphic, sexes paired or pistillate spikelets solitary, with 1 floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="">rachillas not prolonged beyond the florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="rachilla length">disarticulation above the glumes and in the panicle branches.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet size;spikelet fixation;spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture;pedicel fixation or orientation"><b>Staminate </b>spikelets smaller than the pistillate spikelets, attached below the pistillate spikelets on appressed pedicels;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="lower glume height or length or size;lower glume presence">lower glumes shorter than the upper glumes or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="lemma length or size;lemma shape;lemma architecture">lemmas longer than the glumes, ovate, 3-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule size">lodicules 3, minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 6.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet size;spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;spikelet architecture"><b>Pistillate </b>spikelets larger than the staminate spikelets, subsessile, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="glume size;glume shape;glume architecture;glume coloration;glume coloration">glumes subequal, lanceolate, (3) 5-9 (11) -veined, purple or green;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="lemma shape;lemma length or size;lemma texture;lemma shape or vernation;lemma architecture;hair shape;margin shape or vernation;paleum position">lemmas cylindrical, longer than the glumes, indurate, involute, with uncinate hairs over at least a portion of the surface, 7-veined, margins inrolled, concealing the palea;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="lodicule presence">lodicules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="staminode quantity;staminode size">staminodes 6, minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="style architecture;stigma pubescence;x chromosome quantity">styles 1, 3-branched, stigmas hispid, x = 12.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Fla. |discussion=<p>Pharus includes eight species. It extends from central Florida through Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay, and grows in moist to wet lowland forests. One species, Pharus glaber, is native to the Flora region.</p><!-- --><p>The uncinate hairs and disarticulating panicle branches of Pharus promote dispersion by attaching to the coats of passing animals. The inverted, pseudopetiolate leaf blades and oblique venation make the genus easily distinguished, even in its vegetative state. Well-preserved female spikelets resembling those of Pharus mezii Prod, have been found in 30-45 million-year-old amber.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=clark1996a |text=Clark, L.G. and E.J. Judziewicz. 1996. The grass subfamilies Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae (Poaceae). Taxon 45:641-645 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=hitchcock1951a |text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=judziewicz1987a |text=Judziewicz, E.J. 1987. Taxonomy and morphology of the Tribe Phareae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. 557 pp. }} }}<!-- --><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Pharus |author=Emmet J. Judziewicz;Gerald F. Guala; |authority=P. Browne |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Fla. |reference=clark1996a;hitchcock1951a;judziewicz1987a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_4.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pharoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Phareae |genus=Pharus |anther quantity=6 |blade coloration or relief=tessellate |blade shape=linear;ovate |blade width=broad |culm orientation=erect;decumbent |culm some measurement=10cm;130cm |floret quantity=1 |glume architecture=(3)5-9(11)-veined |glume coloration=green;purple |glume shape=lanceolate |glume size=subequal |hair shape=uncinate;uncinate |inflorescence architecture=open |inflorescence shape=ovate |internode architecture=solid |lateral-vein orientation=diverging |lemma architecture=7-veined;3-veined |lemma length or size=longer;longer |lemma shape=cylindrical;ovate |lemma shape or vernation=involute |lemma texture=indurate |ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |ligule texture=membranous;scarious |lodicule presence=absent |lodicule quantity=3 |lodicule size=minute |lower glume height or length or size=shorter |lower glume presence=absent |margin shape or vernation=inrolled |paleum position=concealing |pedicel fixation or orientation=appressed |prop-root prominence=prominent |pseudopetiole architecture=twisted |pseudopetiole prominence=conspicuous |rachilla length=not prolonged |rachis architecture=naked |sheath architecture=open |sheath pubescence=glabrous |spikelet architecture=staminate;subsessile;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;pistillate;staminate |spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |spikelet fixation=attached |spikelet fixation or orientation=appressed |spikelet growth form=dimorphic |spikelet reproduction=unisexual |spikelet sexes=paired |spikelet shape=elongate |spikelet size=larger;smaller |staminode quantity=6 |staminode size=minute |stigma pubescence=hispid |style architecture=1,3-branched |whole_organism architecture=stoloniferous;rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose |whole_organism reproduction=monoecious;monocarpic |x chromosome quantity=12 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Phareae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Pharus.