View source for Phleum ← Phleum You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Phleum |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Phleum |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phleum]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 670 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, occasionally stoloniferous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>2-150 cm, erect or decumbent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="node pubescence">nodes glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture"><b>Sheaths </b>open;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="auricle presence;auricle prominence">auricles absent or inconspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules membranous, not ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade prominence or shape">blades usually flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence density;panicle shape;panicle quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>dense, spikelike panicles, more than 1 spikelet associated with each node;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="branch some measurement;branch some measurement;branch fragility">branches often shorter than 2 mm, always shorter than 7 mm, stiff;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">pedicels shorter than 1 mm, sometimes fused;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pedicel some measurement;pedicel fusion">disarticulation above the glumes or, late in the season, beneath the glumes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spikelet shape;base shape;base shape;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>strongly laterally compressed, bases usually U-shaped, sometimes cuneate, with 1 floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="rachilla pubescence;rachilla length">rachillas glabrous, sometimes prolonged beyond the base of the floret.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="glume variability;glume length or size;glume fragility or texture;glume fragility;base fusion;base shape;keel architecture or pubescence or shape;keel pubescence;keel pubescence or relief;keel architecture;apex shape;apex height or length or size;apex fragility;apex shape"><b>Glumes </b>equal, longer and firmer than the florets, stiff, bases not connate, strongly keeled, keels usually strongly ciliate, sometimes glabrous, sometimes scabrous, 3-veined, apices truncate to tapered, midveins often extending into short, stiff, awnlike apices;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="callus shape;callus pubescence">calluses blunt, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="lemma coloration;lemma coloration or reflectance;lemma shape;lemma architecture;base fusion;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;subapical awn fragility">lemmas white, often translucent, not keeled, 5-7-veined, unawned, bases not connate, apices acute, entire, sometimes with a weak, subapical awn;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="palea size;palea architecture">paleas subequal to the lemmas, 2-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule fusion;lodicule pubescence;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, free, glabrous, toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="caryopse shape"><b>Caryopses </b>elongate-ovoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="">embryos 1/6 – 1/4 the length of the caryopses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="embryo quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Va.;Colo.;Alaska;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Nev.;Miss.;Ky.;Oreg. |discussion=<p>Phleum is a genus of approximately 15 species, most of which are native to Eurasia. One species, P. alpinum, is native to the Flora region and six are introduced. One of the introduced species, P. pratense, has been established in the region for a long time. It is also widely cultivated as a fodder grass, both in the Flora region and in other parts of the world. Phleum phleoides was first recognized as being present in the Flora region in 1990. Phleum exaratum has been reported from the United States. No specimens supporting the report have been seen. It resembles P. arenarium (p. 675), but has anthers 1.5-2 mm long rather than 0.3-1.2 mm, and an inflorescence that is rounded at the base.</p><!-- --><p>Species of Phleum are sometimes mistaken for Alopecurus, but Alopecurus has obtuse to acute glumes that are unawned or taper into an awn, lemmas that are both awned and keeled, and paleas that are absent or greatly reduced. The species of Phleum that are most abundant in the Flora region are easily recognized by their strongly ciliate, abruptly truncate, awned glumes and adnate panicle branches. In addition, in Phleum the lemmas are not keeled, and the paleas are always subequal to the lemmas.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=humphries1978b |text=Humphries, C.J. 1978. Notes on the genus Phleum. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76:337-340 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=kula2006a |text=Kula, A., B. Dudziak, E. Sliwinska, A. Grabowska-Joachimiak, A. Stewart, H. Golczyk, and A.J. Joachimiak. 2006. Cytomorphological studies on American and European Phleum commutation Gaud. (Poaceae). Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 48:99-108. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants perennial. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Panicles tapering distally; panicle branches free from the rachis; glumes scabrous to shortly ciliate on the keels; plants known, in the Flora region, only from British Columbia |[[Phleum phleoides|Phleum phleoides]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Panicles not tapering distally; panicle branches adnate to the rachises; glumes conspicuously ciliate on the keels; plants widespread in the Flora region. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Sheaths of the flag leaves not inflated; panicles 2-14(17) cm long, 5-20 times as long as wide; lower internodes of the culms frequently enlarged or bulbous; widespread in the Flora region |[[Phleum pratense|Phleum pratense]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Sheaths of the flag leaves inflated; panicles 1-6 cm long, usually 1.5-3 times as long as wide; lower internodes of the culms not enlarged or bulbous |[[Phleum alpinum|Phleum alpinum]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants annual. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Glume apices abruptly truncate |[[Phleum paniculatum|Phleum paniculatum]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Glume apices gradually narrowed to tapered. |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Glumes semi-elliptical in outline, apices pointing towards each other; keels usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous |[[Phleum subulatum|Phleum subulatum]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Glumes oblong-lanceolate, apices parallel or divergent; keels ciliate |[[Phleum arenarium|Phleum arenarium]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Phleum |author=Mary E. Barkworth; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Va.;Colo.;Alaska;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Nev.;Miss.;Ky.;Oreg. |reference=humphries1978b;kula2006a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_945.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Phleum |anther quantity=3 |apex architecture or shape=entire |apex fragility=stiff |apex height or length or size=short |apex shape=acute;awnlike;truncate;tapered |auricle presence=absent |auricle prominence=inconspicuous |base fusion=not connate;not connate |base shape=keeled;cuneate;u--shaped |blade prominence or shape=flat |branch fragility=stiff |branch some measurement=7;2 |callus pubescence=glabrous |callus shape=blunt |caryopse shape=elongate-ovoid |culm orientation=decumbent;erect |culm some measurement=2cm;150cm |embryo quantity=1/6;1/4 |floret quantity=1 |glume fragility=stiff |glume fragility or texture=longer and firmer |glume length or size=longer |glume variability=equal |inflorescence density=dense |keel architecture=3-veined |keel architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |keel pubescence=glabrous |keel pubescence or relief=scabrous |lemma architecture=5-7-veined |lemma coloration=white |lemma coloration or reflectance=translucent |lemma shape=not keeled |ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=not ciliate |ligule texture=membranous |lodicule fusion=free |lodicule pubescence=glabrous |lodicule quantity=2 |lodicule shape=toothed |node pubescence=glabrous |ovary pubescence=glabrous |palea architecture=2-veined |palea size=subequal |panicle shape=spikelike |pedicel fusion=fused |pedicel some measurement=1 |rachilla length=prolonged |rachilla pubescence=glabrous |sheath architecture=open |spikelet shape=compressed |subapical awn fragility=weak |whole_organism architecture=stoloniferous;rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Phleum.