View source for Phryma

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phryma
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 601. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Lopseed
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Phrymaceae;Phryma
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phrymaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phryma]]</div></div>
|etymology=Derivation unknown
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 6, 365, 366, 371, 372
|treatment_page=page 370
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome texture;rhizome orientation">rhizomes fleshy, vertical.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem shape;stem shape;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, terete proximally, 4-angled distally, glabrous or puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, opposite, decussate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade texture;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">blade not fleshy, margins crenate-serrate, venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;raceme shape;raceme architecture;raceme shape"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, sometimes axillary at distal nodes, spikelike racemes, long-pedunculate, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bract presence">bracts present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel height or length or size"><b>Pedicels </b>present, shorter than calyx;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower arrangement;proximalmost flower arrangement;proximalmost flower orientation;proximalmost flower orientation;proximalmost flower orientation;proximalmost flower fixation or orientation"><b>Flowers </b>opposite, proximalmost sometimes subopposite, erect in bud, becoming horizontal to ascending at anthesis and strongly reflexed and appressed in fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;calyx architecture or shape;calyx shape;lobe shape;lobe shape">sepals 5, calyx bilaterally symmetric, narrowly campanulate, lobes triangular or subulate-uncinate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla architecture;corolla shape;abaxial lobe quantity;adaxial lobe quantity">petals 5, corolla lavender to purple to white, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, narrowly campanulate, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position;filament pubescence;staminode presence">stamens 4, included, filaments glabrous, staminode 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary 1-locular, placentation basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="calyx size"><b>Fruits </b>achenes, enclosed in accrescent calyx.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>1, yellowish-brown or brown, narrowly ellipsoid, wings absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="wing presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=c;e North America;e Asia
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>The name lopseed alludes to the fruit appearing to lop or hang as it matures, reflexes, and becomes appressed to the infructescence axis.</p><!--
--><p>Phryma has often been included in Verbenaceae based on presumed affinities with members of Lantaneae Endlicher, particularly Stachytarpheta (H. L. Whipple 1972). Others have placed it in Phrymaceae based on its unusual gynoecium with only one ovule becoming a seed. Molecular evidence (P. M. Beardsley and R. G. Olmstead 2002; B. Oxelman et al. 2005) suggests that Phryma is allied with genera traditionally placed in the Scrophulariaceae (Mazus, Mimulus, and others). This evidence has led to an expanded circumscription of Phrymaceae, followed here.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nie2006a
|text=Nie, Z. L. et al. 2006. Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and eastern North America in Phryma. Amer. J. Bot. 93: 1343–1356.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=venkata2000a
|text=Venkata Ramana, R. et al. 2000. Embryology of Phryma leptostachya L. (Verbenaceae) with considerations of its systematic status and affinities. Feddes Repert. 111: 231–248.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=whipple1972a
|text=Whipple, H. L. 1972. Structure and systematics of Phryma leptostachya. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 88: 1–17.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phryma
|author=Jay B. Walker
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Phrymaceae
|distribution=c;e North America;e Asia
|reference=nie2006a;venkata2000a;whipple1972a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_1269.xml
|genus=Phryma
|abaxial lobe quantity=3
|adaxial lobe quantity=2
|blade texture=not fleshy
|bract presence=absent
|bracteole presence=absent
|calyx architecture or shape=symmetric
|calyx shape=campanulate
|calyx size=accrescent
|corolla architecture=bilabiate
|corolla architecture or shape=symmetric
|corolla coloration=lavender;purple
|corolla shape=campanulate
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|flower arrangement=opposite
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf arrangement=decussate;opposite
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe shape=subulate-uncinate;triangular
|margin architecture or shape=pinnate;crenate-serrate
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary placentation=basal
|pedicel height or length or size=shorter
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent
|proximalmost flower arrangement=subopposite
|proximalmost flower fixation or orientation=appressed
|proximalmost flower orientation=reflexed;horizontal;ascending
|raceme architecture=long-pedunculate
|raceme shape=elongate;spikelike
|rhizome orientation=vertical
|rhizome texture=fleshy
|seed coloration=brown;yellowish-brown
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=ellipsoid
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen position=included
|stamen quantity=4
|staminode presence=absent
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=puberulent;glabrous
|stem shape=4-angled;terete
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial
|wing presence=absent
|x chromosome quantity=14
}}<!--

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