View source for Phyllanthus pentaphyllus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phyllanthus pentaphyllus
|accepted_authority=C. Wright ex Grisebach
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ.
|place=1865: 167. 1865
|year=1865
}}
|common_names=Fivepetal leafflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Phyllanthus pentaphyllus var. floridanus
|authority=G. L. Webster
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Phyllanthaceae;Phyllanthus;Phyllanthus pentaphyllus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phyllanthaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phyllanthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Phyllanthus pentaphyllus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 337, 345
|treatment_page=page 344
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;caudex texture;branchlet arrangement"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, with woody caudex, dioecious or monoecious, often staminate and pistillate flowers on separate branchlets, 0.5–3 dm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="flower architecture;flower some measurement;flower architecture">branching phyllanthoid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="main-stem shape;main-stem architecture;main-stem pubescence;main-stem relief;ultimate branchlet shape;ultimate branchlet architecture;ultimate branchlet pubescence;ultimate branchlet relief"><b>Stems:</b> main-stems and ultimate branchlets terete, not winged, usually glabrous, rarely scabridulous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf shape;main-stem arrangement or course"><b>Leaves </b>on main-stems spiral, scalelike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule shape;stipule coloration">stipules auriculate, dark-brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf development;ultimate branchlet arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>on ultimate branchlets distichous, well developed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="stipule shape;stipule coloration">stipules not auriculate, pale-brown to brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade shape;blade length;blade width;base shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;surface pubescence;abaxial surface relief">blade elliptic or obovate to suborbiculate, 2–8 × 1–5 mm, base acute to rounded, apex obtuse to rounded and apiculate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxial scabridulous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescences cymule architecture or arrangement or growth form;inflorescences cymule reproduction;inflorescences cymule architecture;inflorescences cymule arrangement;inflorescences cymule architecture;inflorescences cymule arrangement;inflorescences flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;inflorescences flower reproduction;inflorescences flower architecture;inflorescences flower arrangement;inflorescences flower architecture;inflorescences flower arrangement;flower atypical quantity;flower quantity;flower position or shape"><b>Inflorescences </b>cymules or flowers solitary, unisexual, staminate distributed along branchlet, with (10–) 15–20 flowers, pistillate distributed along branchlet or distal, with 1 flower.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="pedicel architecture;pedicel some measurement;pedicel architecture;pedicel orientation;pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel some measurement"><b>Pedicels:</b> staminate 0.3–0.8 mm, pistillate spreading in fruit, (1–) 1.2–1.8 (–2.1) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal coloration;sepal prominence or shape;sepal some measurement"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: sepals 5, pale-yellow to white, flat, 0.7–0.8 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;nectary position;nectary quantity">nectary extrastaminal, 5 glands;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity;all fusion;all length">stamens 2, filaments connate 2/3 length.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal coloration;sepal prominence or shape;sepal atypical some measurement;sepal some measurement;sepal architecture;margin width;margin coloration"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: sepals 5, green with broad white margins, flat, (0.7–) 0.9–1.2 mm, obscurely veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;nectary shape;nectary shape">nectary annular, 5-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="capsule diameter;capsule architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Capsules </b>1.7–1.9 mm diam., smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>uniformly brown, 0.8–0.9 mm, longitudinally ribbed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed coloration;seed some measurement;seed architecture or shape;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 52.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting year-round.
|habitat=Rocky pinelands on limestone.
|elevation=0–10 m.
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies (Bahamas);West Indies (Cuba);West Indies (Hispaniola)
|discussion=<p>G. L. Webster (1955, 1970) treated the Florida plants of Phyllanthus pentaphyllus as var. floridanus, distinguishing them from those of the West Indies based on the former being dioecious or at least having branchlets that produce flowers of only one sex, and the latter being monoecious with each branchlet bearing both staminate and pistillate flowers. However, he acknowledged that dioecious individuals are found in Cuba and that the distinction between the varieties was weak (Webster 1955, 1956–58). Examination of additional specimens shows that plants with monoecious branchlets are not uncommon in Florida and that dioecious plants are found in both Cuba and the Bahamas; therefore, var. floridanus is not recognized here.</p><!--
--><p>G. L. Webster (1955) treated Phyllanthus polycladus Urban of Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles as a subspecies of P. pentaphyllus. These taxa seem amply different in habit, leaf blade shape and texture, and pistillate nectary shape, and are here considered separate species.</p><!--
--><p>Phyllanthus pentaphyllus in the flora area is restricted to Miami-Dade and Monroe counties, where its rocky pineland habitat is threatened by development. Variety floridanus, when recognized, is regarded as threatened.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phyllanthus pentaphyllus
|authority=C. Wright ex Grisebach
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Phyllanthus pentaphyllus var. floridanus
|basionyms=
|family=Phyllanthaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting year-round.
|habitat=Rocky pinelands on limestone.
|elevation=0–10 m.
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies (Bahamas);West Indies (Cuba);West Indies (Hispaniola)
|reference=None
|publication title=Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ.
|publication year=1865
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_1064.xml
|genus=Phyllanthus
|species=Phyllanthus pentaphyllus
|2n chromosome quantity=52
|abaxial surface relief=scabridulous
|all fusion=connate
|all length=2/3
|apex architecture or shape=apiculate
|apex shape=obtuse;rounded
|base shape=acute;rounded
|blade length=2mm;8mm
|blade shape=obovate;suborbiculate
|blade width=1mm;5mm
|branchlet arrangement=separate
|capsule architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|capsule diameter=1.7mm;1.9mm
|caudex texture=woody
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;branching;pistillate
|flower atypical quantity=10;15
|flower position or shape=distal
|flower quantity=15;20
|flower some measurement=0.5dm;3dm
|inflorescences cymule architecture=pistillate;staminate
|inflorescences cymule architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|inflorescences cymule arrangement=distributed;distributed
|inflorescences cymule reproduction=unisexual
|inflorescences flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
|inflorescences flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|inflorescences flower arrangement=distributed;distributed
|inflorescences flower reproduction=unisexual
|leaf development=developed
|leaf shape=scale-like
|main-stem architecture=not winged
|main-stem arrangement or course=spiral
|main-stem pubescence=glabrous
|main-stem relief=scabridulous
|main-stem shape=terete
|margin coloration=white
|margin width=broad
|nectary position=extrastaminal
|nectary quantity=5
|nectary shape=5-lobed;annular
|pedicel architecture=pistillate;staminate
|pedicel atypical some measurement=1.8mm;2.1mm
|pedicel orientation=spreading
|pedicel some measurement=1.2mm;1.8mm
|seed architecture or shape=ribbed
|seed coloration=brown
|seed some measurement=0.8mm;0.9mm
|sepal architecture=veined
|sepal atypical some measurement=0.7mm;0.9mm
|sepal coloration=green;pale-yellow;white
|sepal prominence or shape=flat;flat
|sepal quantity=5;5
|sepal some measurement=0.9mm;1.2mm
|stamen quantity=2
|stipule coloration=pale-brown;brown
|stipule shape=not auriculate;auriculate
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|ultimate branchlet architecture=not winged
|ultimate branchlet arrangement=distichous
|ultimate branchlet pubescence=glabrous
|ultimate branchlet relief=scabridulous
|ultimate branchlet shape=terete
|whole_organism architecture=staminate
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism reproduction=monoecious;dioecious
}}<!--

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