View source for Picea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Picea
|accepted_authority=A. Dietrich
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Berlin
|place=2: 794. 1824
|year=1824
}}
|common_names=Spruce;épinette
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Pinaceae;Picea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pinaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Picea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin picis, pitch, name of a pitchy pine
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>evergreen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">crown broadly conic to spirelike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="crown shape;crown orientation">leading shoot erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark width;bark architecture or pubescence;bark architecture;resin blister width"><b>Bark </b>gray to reddish-brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in Picea engelmannii and P. glauca), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch arrangement"><b>Branches </b>whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="shoot height or length or size;shoot presence">short (spur) shoots absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="twig relief or texture;leaf-base duration">twigs roughened by persistent leaf-bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud shape;apex shape;apex coating"><b>Buds </b>ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf orientation;leaf duration;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf texture;leaf architecture;year quantity;base architecture or shape"><b>Leaves </b>borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross-section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="base shape;base duration;sheath presence">base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape">apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="resin canal quantity">resin canals 1–2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="twig life cycle"><b>Cones </b>borne on year-old twigs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pollen cone arrangement;pollen cone position;pollen cone shape;pollen cone coloration"><b>Pollen </b>cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone orientation;seed-cone shape;seed-cone architecture;seed-cone position or structure subtype;seed-cone architecture;season quantity;branchlet architecture"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in Picea mariana), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="scale duration;scale shape;scale width;apophysis quantity;umbo quantity">scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="bract position">bracts included.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">cotyledons 5–15.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cotyledon quantity;x chromosome quantity">x =12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Mexico;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (8 in the flora with 7 native and 1 naturalized).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=roche1969a
|text=Roche, L. 1969. A genecological study of the genus Picea and seedlings grown in a nursery. New Phytol. 68: 505--554.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=taylor1980a
|text=Taylor, R.J. and T.F. Patterson. 1980. Biosystematics of Mexican spruce species and populations. Taxon 29: 421--469.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wright1955a
|text=Wright, J.W. 1955. Species crossability in spruce in relation to distribution and taxonomy. Forest Sci. 1: 319--349.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves flattened or broadly triangular in cross section; stomates occurring only on, or more conspicuously on, adaxial leaf surface; Alaska to California.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves square in cross section; stomates occurring more or less equally on all leaf surfaces; widespread.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf apex sharp-pointed; twigs glabrous; seed-cone scales elliptic to narrowly diamond-shaped.
|[[Picea sitchensis|Picea sitchensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf apex blunt, especially on older leaves; twigs finely pubescent; seed-cone scales fan-shaped.
|[[Picea breweriana|Picea breweriana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Twigs pubescent; cone scales usually fan-shaped, broadest near apex; seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; mostly eastern or boreal.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Twigs mostly glabrous; cone scales usually ± diamond-shaped or elliptic, broadest near middle (broadest at apex in Picea glauca); seed cones (2.5-)3-16 cm; mostly western or boreal.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seed cones 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm; leaves 0.6-1.5(-2) cm, mostly blunt-tipped, glaucous, blue- to gray-green.
|[[Picea mariana|Picea mariana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Seed cones 2.3-4.5(-5) cm; leaves 0.8-2.5(-3) cm, mostly acute, sharp-pointed, not glaucous, yellow-green to dark green.
|[[Picea rubens|Picea rubens]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones (10-)12-16 cm; leaves 1-2.5 cm, blunt-tipped; introduced and locally naturalized species.
|[[Picea abies|Picea abies]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones 2.5-11(-12) cm; leaves (0.8-)1.2-3(-3.5) cm, mostly sharp-pointed; native species.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Seed-cone scales fan-shaped, margin at apex q entire, apex extending 0.5-3 mm beyond seed-wing impression; leaves (0.8-)1.5-2(-2.5) cm.
|[[Picea glauca|Picea glauca]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Seed-cone scales diamond-shaped or elliptic, margin at apex irregularly toothed to erose, apex usually extending 3 mm or more beyond seed-wing impression; leaves 1.2-3(-3.5) cm.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones 3-7(-8) cm; cone scales extending 3-8 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs finely pubescent.
|[[Picea engelmannii|Picea engelmannii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones (5-)6-11(-12) cm; cone scales extending 8-10 mm beyond seed-wing impression; twigs usually glabrous.
|[[Picea pungens|Picea pungens]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Picea
|author=Ronald J. Taylor
|authority=A. Dietrich
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Pinaceae
|distribution=North temperate regions;North America;Mexico;Eurasia
|reference=roche1969a;taylor1980a;wright1955a
|publication title=Fl. Berlin
|publication year=1824
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_472.xml
|genus=Picea
|apex coating=resinous
|apex shape=acute;sharp-pointed;rounded;acute
|apophysis quantity=lacking
|bark architecture=furrowed
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bark coloration=gray;reddish-brown
|bark width=thin
|base architecture or shape=peglike
|base duration=persistent
|base shape=decurrent
|bract position=included
|branch arrangement=whorled
|branchlet architecture=leafy
|bud shape=ovoid
|cotyledon quantity=5;15
|crown orientation=erect
|crown shape=broadly conic;spirelike
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf arrangement=singly
|leaf duration=persisting
|leaf orientation=spreading
|leaf shape=square;4-angled
|leaf texture=rigid
|leaf-base duration=persistent
|pollen cone arrangement=grouped
|pollen cone coloration=yellow;purple
|pollen cone position=axillary
|pollen cone shape=oblong
|resin blister width=thick
|resin canal quantity=1;2
|scale duration=persistent
|scale shape=elliptic;fan-shaped
|scale width=thin
|season quantity=1
|seed architecture=winged
|seed-cone architecture=stalked;sessile
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
|seed-cone orientation=pendent
|seed-cone position or structure subtype=terminal
|seed-cone shape=ovoid;cylindric
|sheath presence=absent
|shoot height or length or size=short
|shoot presence=absent
|twig life cycle=year-old
|twig relief or texture=roughened
|umbo quantity=lacking
|whole_organism duration=evergreen
|whole_organism growth form=tree
|x chromosome quantity=12
|year quantity=10
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Pinaceae]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]