View source for Picea mariana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Picea mariana
|accepted_authority=(Miller) Britton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Prelim. Cat.
|place=71. 1888
|year=1888
}}
|common_names=Black spruce;épinette noire
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Abies mariana
|authority=Miller
|rank=species
|publication_title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|publication_place=8, Abies no. 5. 1768
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Picea brevifolia
|authority=Peck
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Picea mariana var. brevifolia
|authority=(Peck) Rehder
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Picea nigra
|authority=Aiton
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Pinus nigra
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Pinaceae;Picea;Picea mariana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pinaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Picea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Picea mariana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>to 25m (often shrublike);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk diameter">trunk to 0.25m diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="crown shape">crown narrowly conic to spirelike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration"><b>Bark </b>gray-brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch height or length or size;branch orientation;branch architecture"><b>Branches </b>short and drooping, frequently layering;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="twig orientation;twig size;twig coloration;twig pubescence">twigs not pendent, rather slender, yellowbrown, pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bud coloration;bud some measurement;apex shape"><b>Buds </b>gray-brown, ca. 3mm, apex acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaf atypical some measurement;leaf some measurement;leaf shape;leaf texture;leaf coloration;leaf pubescence;apex architecture"><b>Leaves </b>0.6–1.5 (–2) cm, 4-angled in cross-section, rigid, pale blue-green, glaucous, bearing stomates on all surfaces, apex mostly blunt-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cone-seed atypical distance;cone-seed distance"><b>Seed-</b>cones 1.5–2.5 (–3.5) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="scale shape;scale width;scale length;scale texture;apex width;apex shape">scales fan-shaped, broadest near apex, 8–12 × 8–12mm, rigid, margin at apex irregularly toothed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="2n chromosome quantity">2n =24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Muskegs, bogs, bottomlands, dry peatlands
|elevation=0–1500m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>To a limited extent, Picea mariana hybridizes with P. rubens, e.g., on disturbed sites in eastern Canada. Natural hybridization with P. glauca, though reported, remains unverified (A.G. Gordon 1976).</p><!--
--><p>Because Picea mariana is a small tree, it has limited commercial value. Frequently it is harvested with P. glauca and used for pulp.</p><!--
--><p>Black spruce (Picea mariana) is the provincial tree of Newfoundland.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=little1958a
|text=Little, E. L. Jr. and S.S. Pauley. 1958. A natural hybrid between black and white spruce in Minnesota. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 60: 202--211.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=morgenstern1964a
|text=Morgenstern, E.K. and J.L. Farrar. 1964. Introgressive Hybridization in Red Spruce and Black Spruce. [Toronto.] [Univ. Toronto, Fac. Forest., Techn. Rep. 4.]
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Picea mariana
|authority=(Miller) Britton
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Picea brevifolia;Picea mariana var. brevifolia;Picea nigra;Pinus nigra
|basionyms=Abies mariana
|family=Pinaceae
|habitat=Muskegs, bogs, bottomlands, dry peatlands
|elevation=0–1500m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Wis.
|reference=little1958a;morgenstern1964a
|publication title=Prelim. Cat.
|publication year=1888
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_284.xml
|genus=Picea
|species=Picea mariana
|2n chromosome quantity=24
|apex architecture=blunt-tipped
|apex shape=toothed;acute
|apex width=8mm;12mm
|bark coloration=gray-brown
|branch architecture=layering
|branch height or length or size=short
|branch orientation=drooping
|bud coloration=gray-brown
|bud some measurement=3
|cone-seed atypical distance=2.5cm;3.5cm
|cone-seed distance=1.5cm;2.5cm
|crown shape=narrowly conic;spirelike
|leaf atypical some measurement=1.5cm;2cm
|leaf coloration=pale blue-green
|leaf pubescence=glaucous
|leaf shape=4-angled
|leaf some measurement=0.6cm;1.5cm
|leaf texture=rigid
|scale length=8mm;12mm
|scale shape=fan--shaped
|scale texture=rigid
|scale width=broadest
|trunk diameter=0m;0.25m
|twig coloration=yellowbrown
|twig orientation=not pendent
|twig pubescence=pubescent
|twig size=slender
|whole_organism growth form=tree
|whole_organism some measurement=0m;25m
}}<!--

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