View source for Pluchea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pluchea
|accepted_authority=Cassini
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|place=1817: 31. 1817
|year=1817
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Plucheeae;Pluchea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Plucheeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pluchea]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Abbé N. A. Pluche, 1688–1761, French naturalist
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 58, 475, 479, 480
|treatment_page=page 478
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees (usually fetid-aromatic), (20–) 50–200 (–500) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">taprooted or fibrous-rooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem architecture;stem architecture or function or pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, simple or branched, seldom winged (see P. sagittalis), usually puberulent to tomentose and stipitate or sessile-glandular, sometimes glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline, alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base architecture or fixation;base architecture or fixation;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face architecture;abaxial face architecture;adaxial face pubescence;adaxial face pubescence">blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, or ovate, bases clasping or not, margins entire or dentate, abaxial faces mostly arachnose, puberulent, sericeous, strigose, or villous and/or stipitate or sessile-glandular, adaxial similar or glabrate or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or shape;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>disciform, in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays (flat-topped or ± elongate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre diameter;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>mostly campanulate, cupulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or turbinate, 3–10 (–12) mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary life cycle;phyllary shape;phyllary size;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent or falling, in 3–6+ series, mostly ovate to lanceolate or linear, unequal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="peripheral floret reproduction;series quantity"><b>Peripheral </b>(pistillate) florets in 3–10+ series, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas creamy white, whitish, yellowish, pinkish, lavender, purplish, or rosy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="inner floret quantity"><b>Inner </b>(functionally staminate) florets 2–40+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;lobe atypical quantity;lobe quantity">corollas creamy white, whitish, yellowish, pinkish, lavender, purplish, or rosy, lobes (4–) 5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;rib quantity;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>oblong-cylindric, ribs 4–8, faces strigillose and/or minutely sessile-glandular or glabrous (in the flora, only P. sericea);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="bristle fusion;bristle fusion;bristle architecture;series quantity">pappi persistent or tardily falling, of distinct or basally connate, barbellate bristles in 1 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus life cycle;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropical and warm-temperate regions;North America;West Indies;South America;se Asia;Africa;Australia;Pacific Islands
|discussion=<p>Species 40–60 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>As currently treated, Pluchea is a heterogeneous group of species, variable in habit (trees and shrubs to herbs) and foliar, floral, and fruit morphology. The American, primarily herbaceous, species are divided into groups (G. L. Nesom 1989): sect. Pluchea, sect. Amplectifolium G. L. Nesom, and sect. Pterocaulis G. L. Nesom. Among the woody species, segregate genera have been recognized (Tessaria Ruiz & Pavón, Berthelotia de Candolle, Eremohylema A. Nelson); boundaries among segregates have not been clearly drawn.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=cabrera1939a
|text=Cabrera, A. L. 1939. Las especies Argentinas del género “Tessaria.” Lilloa 4: 181–189.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=e1979a
|text=Ariza E., L. 1979. Contribución al conocimiento del género Tessaria (Compositae), I. Consideraciónes sobre los géneros Tessaria y Pluchea. Kurtziana 12–13: 47–62.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=godfrey1952a
|text=Godfrey, R. K. 1952. Pluchea, section Stylimnus, in North America. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 68: 238–271.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=jones2001a
|text=Jones, S. 2001. Revision of Pluchea Cass. (Compositae, Plucheeae) in the Old World. Englera 23.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=keeley1991a
|text=Keeley, S. C. and R. K. Jansen. 1991. Evidence from chloroplast DNA for the recognition of a new tribe, the Tarchonantheae, and the tribal placement of Pluchea (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 173–181. King-
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom1989a
|text=Nesom, G. L. 1989. New species, new sections, and a taxonomic overview of American Pluchea (Compositae: Inuleae). Phytologia 67: 158–167.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=robinson1973a
|text=Robinson, H. and J. Cuatrecasas. 1973. The generic limits of Pluchea and Tessaria. Phytologia 27: 277–285.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Shrubs or trees; leaves and stems sericeous, not glandular
|[[Pluchea sericea|Pluchea sericea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs; leaves and stems not sericeous, usually glandular
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems (winged by decurrent leaf bases)
|[[Pluchea sagittalis|Pluchea sagittalis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems (not winged, leaf bases sometimes clasping, not decurrent)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves petiolate, blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate (bases not clasping)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves sessile, blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate (bases clasping to subclasping)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Subshrubs, 100–400 cm; leaf margins entire or denticulate (teeth callous-tipped).
|[[Pluchea carolinensis|Pluchea carolinensis]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Annuals or perennials, 50–200+ cm; leaf margins serrate
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Involucres 4–6 × 3–4 mm; phyllaries usually cream, sometimes purplish, usually minutely sessile-glandular, sometimes glabrate (the outermost puberulent); stems usually closely arachose (hairs appressed); arrays of heads paniculiform (of rounded-convex corymbiform clusters terminating branches from distal nodes, arrays usually resulting from strongly ascending, bracteate branches, the central axis longest, first to flower, and, rarely, the only component of an array); leaves petiolate; inland, non-saline habitats
|[[Pluchea camphorata|Pluchea camphorata]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Involucres 5–6 × 4–8(–10) mm; phyllaries usually cream, sometimes purplish, minutely sessile-glandular (outer also puberulent, hairs multicellular, viscid), sometimes glabrate; stems not arachnose; arrays of heads corymbiform (flat-topped to rounded, often layered, sometimes incorporating relatively long, leafy, lateral branches, clusters of heads terminal on leafy branches, some lateral branches nearly equaling or surpassing central portion); leaves sessile or petiolate; primarily coastal salt marshes, also inland habitats west of Mississippi River
|[[Pluchea odorata|Pluchea odorata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves mostly 8–20 × 3–7 cm; involucres cylindro-campanulate, 9–12 mm (mid phyllaries 2.5–3 mm wide); phyllaries and corollas creamy white.
|[[Pluchea longifolia|Pluchea longifolia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves mostly 3–10 × 1–3 cm; involucres turbinate-campanulate to cylindro-campanulate, 5–8 mm (mid phyllaries 1–1.5 mm wide); phyllaries and corollas yellowish or creamy white to lavender, pale pink, pinkish, purplish, or rosy
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems and leaves (slightly succulent, shiny) glandular, otherwise mostly glabrous; involucres 5–6 × 4–5 mm; phyllaries and corollas pink to lavender or cream or pinkish to rosy
|[[Pluchea yucatanensis|Pluchea yucatanensis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems and leaves at least puberulent or arachnose as well as glandular; involucres 4–10 × 5–12 mm; phyllaries and corollas rose-pink to purplish, rose-purple, greenish, cream, or creamy white to yellowish, or pale pink
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllaries and corollas usually creamy white, sometimes cream, greenish, rose-purple, purplish, pale pink, or yellowish; involucres 5–10 × 6–9(–12) mm (bases rounded to impressed); phyllaries thinly arachnose and sessile-glandular
|[[Pluchea foetida|Pluchea foetida]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllaries and corollas rose-pink to purplish; involucres 4–6 × 5–9 mm (bases obtuse to barely acute); phyllaries usually arachnose (sometimes also with viscid hairs)
|[[Pluchea baccharis|Pluchea baccharis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pluchea
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Tropical and warm-temperate regions;North America;West Indies;South America;se Asia;Africa;Australia;Pacific Islands
|reference=cabrera1939a;e1979a;godfrey1952a;jones2001a;keeley1991a;nesom1989a;robinson1973a
|publication title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|publication year=1817
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_803.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Plucheeae
|genus=Pluchea
|abaxial face architecture=sessile-glandular;stipitate
|abaxial face pubescence=villous;strigose;villous;strigose;sericeous;puberulent;arachnose
|adaxial face pubescence=glabrous;glabrate
|array architecture=paniculiform;corymbiform
|base architecture or fixation=not;clasping
|blade shape=ovate;obovate;ovate;obovate;oblong;oblanceolate;lanceolate;elliptic
|bristle architecture=barbellate
|bristle fusion=connate;distinct
|corolla coloration=rosy;purplish;rosy;purplish;lavender;pinkish;yellowish;whitish;creamy white;rosy;purplish;rosy;purplish;lavender;pinkish;yellowish;whitish;creamy white
|cypsela shape=oblong-cylindric
|face pubescence=glabrous;sessile-glandular;strigillose
|head architecture or shape=disciform
|inner floret quantity=2;40
|involucre diameter=3mm;10mm
|involucre shape=turbinate;hemispheric;turbinate;hemispheric;cylindric;cupulate;campanulate
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe atypical quantity=4;5
|lobe quantity=5
|margin architecture or shape=dentate;entire
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus life cycle=falling
|peripheral floret reproduction=fertile
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary life cycle=falling
|phyllary shape=mostly ovate;lanceolate or linear
|phyllary size=unequal
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|rib quantity=4;8
|series quantity=1;3;10
|stem architecture=stipitate;winged;branched;simple
|stem architecture or function or pubescence=sessile-glandular
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous;usually puberulent;tomentose
|whole-organism architecture=fibrous-rooted;taprooted
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=200cm;500cm
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=50cm;200cm
|whole_organism architecture=fibrous-rooted;taprooted;fibrous-rooted;taprooted;fibrous-rooted;taprooted
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=200cm;500cm
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub;subshrub
|whole_organism some measurement=50cm;200cm
|x chromosome quantity=10
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Plucheeae]]