View source for Pogonatum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pogonatum
|accepted_authority=P. Beauvois
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mag. Encycl.
|place=5: 329. 1804 ,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Polytrichaceae;Pogonatum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polytrichaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pogonatum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek pogon, beard, alluding to hairy calyptra
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 15, 22, 24, 121, 122, 123, 124, 142
|treatment_page=page 155
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form;tuft architecture or fragility;individual stem size;individual stem arrangement;protonemal duration;mat duration"><b>Plants </b>medium to large, in loose pure tufts or growing among other bryophytes, or individual stems small and scattered over a persistent protonemal mat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;stem architecture;innovation architecture"><b>Stems </b>simple or branched by subfloral innovations.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf condition or size;base architecture or shape;sheath architecture or shape;sheath architecture;hinge-bud size"><b>Leaves </b>with a sheathing base merging gradually or ± abruptly contracted to the blade, the sheath entire (toothed in P. contortum), with or without incrassate hinge-cells at the shoulders, not hyaline-margined (except in P. urnigerum);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;border variability;bud length">margins serrate, toothed, or entire, without a differentiated border of elongated cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="adaxial lamella quantity;adaxial lamella architecture or arrangement;adaxial lamella architecture;adaxial lamella width;marginal lamina prominence">adaxial lamellae numerous and compact, occupying the full width of the blade, or somewhat fewer with an evident marginal lamina, marginal cells not differentiated, or strongly differentiated, thick-walled and coarsely papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="marginal bud variability;marginal bud variability;marginal bud variability;marginal bud variability;marginal bud architecture;marginal bud relief;marginal bud reproduction;marginal bud reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism architecture or shape;whole_organism prominence;whole_organism growth form">male plants similar to females in appearance, or budlike and inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="seta architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Seta </b>smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="capsule shape;capsule architecture;capsule architecture;capsule architecture or shape;capsule shape;angle quantity"><b>Capsule </b>ovoid to short-cylindric, ± regular to somewhat asymmetric, terete, sometimes with 4 or more indistinct angles or ridges;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypophysis variability;hypophysis shape">hypophysis not differentiated, tapering;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="stoma quantity">stomata none;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="exothecium relief;exothecial bud relief;exothecial bud relief;projection quantity;projection relief">exothecium mammillose to scabrous, the exothecial cells mamillate or with a single papillate projection of the outer wall;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="operculum shape;base shape">operculum rostrate from a convex base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="epiphragm duration;epiphragm fixation">epiphragm persistent, attached to the peristome teeth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="peristome coloration;tooth quantity;tooth architecture;tooth prominence;median sinus size or width">peristome deeply reddish pigmented (at least in the median line), the teeth 32, compound, with median sinus narrow or almost obliterated.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="calyptra growth form;calyptra position relational"><b>Calyptra </b>with a densely matted felt of hairs, covering most or all of the capsule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="spore relief"><b>Spores </b>finely papillose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;tropical America;Europe;Africa;Asia;Australasia;widespread in the tropics of both hemispheres;with only a few North temperate representatives
|discussion=<p>Species 52 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>North American species of Pogonatum vary greatly in size and habit from tall, laxly tufted plants to protonema mosses with individual plants scattered and only a few millimeters high. Pogonatum contortum of the Pacific Northwest, with leaves strongly crisped and contorted when dry, is the most “typical” of the genus as a whole. Pogonatum brachyphyllum and P. pensilvanicum are protonema-mosses, the gametophyte consisting of a persistent felted mat of protonema and leafy plants small and scattered. The other two species are distinctly polytrichoid in habit, with the margins of the lamellae thick-walled and coarsely papillose. Pogonatum dentatum is an arctic-montane species, whereas P. urnigerum has a somewhat more southerly distribution and occurs as well in the Himalayas and New Guinea. The sporophytes of our species are more uniform, with a scabrous exothecium, deeply pigmented peristome with compound peristome teeth, and no stomata. The exothecial “papillae” are projections of the cell wall, unlike the wart-like cuticular papillae often seen on the leaf surfaces of many Polytrichaceae.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hyvonen1989a
|text=Hyvönen, J. 1989. A synopsis of genus Pogonatum (Polytrichaceae, Musci). Acta Bot. Fenn. 138: 1–87.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants to 0.6 cm, scattered over a green, persistent protonema
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants 3-8(-12) cm, in loose pure tufts or growing among other bryophytes
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lamellae 25-40, compact, the leaf appearing thick and fleshy; leaf margins entire.
|[[Pogonatum brachyphyllum|Pogonatum brachyphyllum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lamellae 11-16, the leaf membranous; leaf margins irregularly notched.
|[[Pogonatum pensilvanicum|Pogonatum pensilvanicum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves toothed from the apex nearly to the base; marginal cells of lamellae not differentiated, smooth
|[[Pogonatum contortum|Pogonatum contortum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves toothed above the shoulders, the margins of the sheath entire; marginal cells of lamellae thick-walled and coarsely papillose
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins with multicellular, hooked teeth; leaf sheath not hyaline-margined; marginal cells of lamellae ± rectangular, flat-topped, the lumen quadrate; peristome divided nearly to the base.
|[[Pogonatum dentatum|Pogonatum dentatum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins with mostly 1-cellular teeth; leaf sheath hyaline-margined; marginal cells of lamellae rounded to transversely elliptical, the lumen pentagonal; peristome divided to ca. 0.6.
|[[Pogonatum urnigerum|Pogonatum urnigerum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pogonatum
|author=Gary L. Smith Merrill
|authority=P. Beauvois
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Polytrichaceae
|distribution=North America;tropical America;Europe;Africa;Asia;Australasia;widespread in the tropics of both hemispheres;with only a few North temperate representatives
|reference=hyvonen1989a
|publication title=Mag. Encycl.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_193.xml
|genus=Pogonatum
|adaxial lamella architecture=full
|adaxial lamella architecture or arrangement=compact
|adaxial lamella quantity=numerous
|adaxial lamella width=fewer
|angle quantity=4
|base architecture or shape=sheathing
|base shape=convex
|border variability=differentiated
|bud length=elongated
|calyptra growth form=matted
|calyptra position relational=covering
|capsule architecture=regular to somewhat;regular
|capsule architecture or shape=asymmetric
|capsule shape=terete;ovoid;short-cylindric
|epiphragm duration=persistent
|epiphragm fixation=attached
|exothecial bud relief=with a single papillate projection;mamillate
|exothecium relief=mammillose;scabrous
|hinge-bud size=incrassate
|hypophysis shape=tapering
|hypophysis variability=not differentiated
|individual stem arrangement=scattered
|individual stem size=small
|innovation architecture=subfloral
|leaf condition or size=contracted
|margin shape=entire;toothed;entire;toothed;serrate
|marginal bud architecture=thick-walled
|marginal bud relief=papillose
|marginal bud reproduction=dioicous;sexual
|marginal bud variability=differentiated;not differentiated;differentiated;not differentiated
|marginal lamina prominence=evident
|mat duration=persistent
|median sinus size or width=narrow
|operculum shape=rostrate
|peristome coloration=reddish pigmented
|projection quantity=single
|projection relief=papillate
|protonemal duration=persistent
|seta architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|sheath architecture=not hyaline-margined
|sheath architecture or shape=entire
|spore relief=papillose
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stoma quantity=0
|tooth architecture=compound
|tooth prominence=obliterated
|tooth quantity=32
|tuft architecture or fragility=loose
|whole_organism architecture or shape=budlike
|whole_organism growth form=plant;plant
|whole_organism prominence=inconspicuous
|whole_organism reproduction=female;male
|whole_organism size=medium;large
}}<!--

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