View source for Portulaca

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Portulaca
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 445. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 204. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Purslane
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Portulacaceae;Portulaca
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Portulacaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Portulaca]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin portula, little door, in reference to the lid of the capsule
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 457, 458
|treatment_page=page 496
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual (perennial in P. suffrutescens).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root architecture;root texture;root texture;taproot size"><b>Roots </b>tuberous, fleshy, fibrous, or small taproots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem texture;stem growth form"><b>Stems </b>erect to prostrate, branched, fleshy or suffrutescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="trichome pubescence;stem node presence;stem node presence">trichomes in inflorescence or stem nodes absent or present, glabrous otherwise.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture or arrangement;leaf shape;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>alternate or subopposite, congested and involucrelike immediately proximal to inflorescence;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape">blade terete, subterete, or flattened.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;branch height or length or size"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal in clusters, or axillary on short branches.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>sessile or subsessile, usually open only in sunshine;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal architecture or fixation;sepal texture;sepal life cycle">sepals broadly clasping at base, herbaceous to scarious, falling from top of capsule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal duration;petal quantity;petal fusion;margin architecture or shape">petals ephemeral, 5–7, usually distinct, margins usually entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens (4–) 6–40 (–100);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary half-inferior to inferior, plurilocular proximally to 1-locular distally, placentation free-central;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style quantity;style height or length or size;stigma atypical quantity;stigma quantity">style 1, short, stigmas 3–8 (–18).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule texture;capsule pubescence or texture;capsule dehiscence"><b>Capsules </b>membranaceous, chartaceous, dehiscence circumscissile.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>many, brown to black or gray, reniform to cochleate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="">seed-coat smooth or variously sculptured, granular to stellate-tuberculate or spiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed-coat relief;seed-coat relief;seed-coat architecture or shape;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 4, 5, 8, 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;primarily tropical and subtropical;also temperate
|discussion=<p>Species 100–125 (10 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=legrand1962a
|text=Legrand, C. D. 1962. Las especies Americanas de Portulaca. Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 7: 1–147.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=matthews1985a
|text=Matthews, J. F. and P. A. Levins. 1985. The genus Portulaca in the southeastern United States. Castanea 50: 96–104.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=walters1964a
|text=Walters, S. M. 1964. Portulaca. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 1, p. 114.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wilson1932b
|text=Wilson, P. 1932b. Portulaca. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 21, pp 328–336.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Keys==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  <h3 class="treatment-key-header" id="key-0">Key Based on Flowering Material</h3>
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals pink to purple
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals yellow, orange, copper, bronze, or white
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers 25 mm or more diam.; petals 15 mm or longer
|[[Portulaca grandiflora|Portulaca grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers to 25 mm diam.; petals 12 mm or shorter
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades flattened, 2-12 mm wide, obovate to spatulate or oblanceolate
|[[Portulaca amilis|Portulaca amilis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades terete to hemispheric, 0.5-3 mm wide, linear to lanceolate
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals deeply 2-lobed; stamens 40 or more; stem nodes with inconspicuous trichomes; restricted to sandstone outcrops in s Georgia
|[[Portulaca biloba|Portulaca biloba]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals not 2-lobed; stamens usually fewer than 30; stem nodes with conspicuous trichomes; widespread in United States
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals medium pink to almost white; seeds 0.6 mm or more diam., elongate; restricted to granitic outcrops in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia
|[[Portulaca smallii|Portulaca smallii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals dark pink to purple; seeds 0.6 mm or less diam., orbiculate; wide- spread throughout se, lower Midwest, and sw United States
|[[Portulaca pilosa|Portulaca pilosa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Flowers 25 mm or more diam
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Flowers 20 mm or less diam
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Plants perennial; roots tuberous; stems stiffly erect; sw United States
|[[Portulaca suffrutescens|Portulaca suffrutescens]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Plants annual; roots fibrous; stems prostrate to suberect; widespread
|[[Portulaca grandiflora|Portulaca grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades terete to hemispheric, linear to lanceolate, usually 3 mm or less wide
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades flattened, obovate or spatulate (sometimes lanceolate in P. umbraticola), 2-15 mm or more wide
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stem nodes and inflorescences with conspicuous trichomes; flowers less than 8 mm diam.; Midwest and sw United States
|[[Portulaca halimoides|Portulaca halimoides]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stem nodes and inflorescences with inconspicuous trichomes; flowers more than 9 mm diam.; tropical Florida
|[[Portulaca rubricaulis|Portulaca rubricaulis]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules encircled by expanded, membranaceous wing
|[[Portulaca umbraticola|Portulaca umbraticola]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules not winged
|[[Portulaca oleracea|Portulaca oleracea]]
|}
</div><!--
--><div class="treatment-key-group">
  <h3 class="treatment-key-header" id="key-1">Key Based on Fruiting Material</h3>
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-1-1
|1
|Capsules each encircled by expanded, membranaceous wing
|[[Portulaca umbraticola|Portulaca umbraticola]]
|-id=key-1-1
|1
|Capsules not winged
|[[#key-1-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-1-2
|2
|Leaf blades flattened
|[[#key-1-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-1-2
|2
|Leaf blades terete to hemispheric
|[[#key-1-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-1-3
|3
|Trichomes at stem nodes absent or inconspicuous; seeds 0.6-1.1 mm or more diam.
|[[Portulaca oleracea|Portulaca oleracea]]
|-id=key-1-3
|3
|Trichomes at stem nodes conspicuous; seeds 0.4- 0.6 mm or less diam
|[[Portulaca amilis|Portulaca amilis]]
|-id=key-1-4
|4
|Stem nodes with inconspicuous trichomes
|[[#key-1-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-1-4
|4
|Stem nodes with conspicuous trichomes
|[[#key-1-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-1-5
|5
|Seeds 0.7 mm or more diam., surface cells distinctly stellate, tuberculate
|[[Portulaca biloba|Portulaca biloba]]
|-id=key-1-5
|5
|Seeds less than 0.7 mm diam., surface cells obscurely stellate, without tubercles
|[[Portulaca rubricaulis|Portulaca rubricaulis]]
|-id=key-1-6
|6
|Seeds 0.6-1 mm diam
|[[#key-1-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-1-6
|6
|Seeds 0.3-0.65 mm diam
|[[#key-1-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-1-7
|7
|Longest leaves usually longer than 20 mm; capsules usually more than 4 mm diam
|[[Portulaca grandiflora|Portulaca grandiflora]]
|-id=key-1-7
|7
|Longest leaves usually shorter than 15 mm; capsules 3.5 mm or less diam.
|[[Portulaca smallii|Portulaca smallii]]
|-id=key-1-8
|8
|Capsules 2 mm or less diam.; lateral seed coat with densely arranged, flattened, stellate cells, tubercles absent; seeds averaging 0.5 mm or less diam.
|[[Portulaca halimoides|Portulaca halimoides]]
|-id=key-1-8
|8
|Capsules 1.5-5 mm diam.; seed coat with loosely arranged, stellate cells; tubercles usually present; seeds averaging more than 0.5 mm diam
|[[#key-1-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-1-9
|9
|Plants annual; roots fibrous to slightly fleshy; stems prostrate or suberect to erect
|[[Portulaca pilosa|Portulaca pilosa]]
|-id=key-1-9
|9
|Plants perennial; roots tuberous; stems stiffly erect
|[[Portulaca suffrutescens|Portulaca suffrutescens]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Portulaca
|author=James F. Matthews
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Portulacaceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;primarily tropical and subtropical;also temperate
|reference=legrand1962a;matthews1985a;walters1964a;wilson1932b
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_1010.xml
|genus=Portulaca
|blade shape=flattened;subterete;flattened;subterete;terete
|branch height or length or size=short
|capsule dehiscence=circumscissile
|capsule pubescence or texture=chartaceous
|capsule texture=membranaceous
|flower architecture=open;subsessile;sessile
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture or arrangement=congested
|leaf arrangement=subopposite;alternate
|leaf position=proximal
|leaf shape=involucrelike
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|ovary architecture=plurilocular
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary position=half-inferior;inferior
|petal duration=ephemeral
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal quantity=5;7
|root architecture=tuberous
|root texture=fibrous;fleshy
|seed coloration=brown;black or gray
|seed quantity=many
|seed shape=reniform;cochleate
|seed-coat architecture or shape=spiny
|seed-coat relief=variously sculptured granular;stellate-tuberculate
|sepal architecture or fixation=clasping
|sepal life cycle=falling
|sepal texture=herbaceous;scarious
|stamen atypical quantity=40;100
|stamen quantity=6;40
|stem architecture=branched
|stem growth form=suffrutescent
|stem node presence=absent;absent
|stem orientation=erect;prostrate
|stem texture=fleshy
|stigma atypical quantity=8;18
|stigma quantity=3;8
|style height or length or size=short
|style quantity=1
|taproot size=small
|trichome pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism duration=annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=9;8;5;4
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Portulacaceae]]